Percent distribution of de jure population in households with septic tanks and improved latrines by method of emptying and removal, and percentage of on-site sanitation facilities for which excreta was safely disposed of in situ, percentage of on-site sanitation facilities for which excreta was disposed of unsafely, and percentage of on-site sanitation facilities for which excreta was removed for treatment
Coverage:
Population base: De jure household population (HR file or PR file) with on-site sanitation facilities
Time period: Current status at time of survey
Numerators:
1) Number of de jure population by method of emptying and disposal of wastes from septic tanks and other onsite sanitation facilities (hv256 & hv257)
2) Number of de jure population for which excreta was safely dispose of in situ (hv257 = 2 or hv255 in 0, 8)
3) Number of de jure population for which excreta was disposed of unsafely (hv257 in 3, 4, 6)
4) Number of de jure population for which excreta was removed for treatment (hv256 = 1 & hv257 in 1, 8; or hv256 in 2, 8 & hv257 = 8)
Denominator:
Number of de jure population in households with on-site sanitation facilities (flush to septic tank, flus to pit latrine, VIP latrine, pit latrine with slab, composting toilet)
Variables: HR file, PR file.
|
hv012 |
Number of de jure members (if using HR file) |
|
hv102 |
Usual resident (if using PR file) |
|
hv205 |
Type of toilet facility |
|
hv255 |
Septic tank has been emptied |
|
hv256 |
Septic tank emptied by a service provider |
|
hv257 |
Where septic tanked emptied to |
|
hv005 |
Household sample weight |
Percent distribution of de jure population by method of emptying and disposal of wastes can be calculated by dividing the numerator by the denominator, multiplied by 100.
Population with missing information are included as separate categories.
Percent distribution adds up to 100 percent.
On-site sanitation facilities are those where the excreta are stored in a septic tank, pit latrine, or composting toilet. Safe disposal of excreta on-site includes septic tanks and latrines in which wastes have been buried in a covered pit, never emptied, and don't know if ever emptied. Unsafe disposal of excreta on-site includes septic tanks and latrines in which wastes have been emptied to uncovered pits, open ground, water body, or other locations. Excreta removed for treatment includes septic tanks and latrines in which wastes have been removed by a service provider to a treatment plan or an unknown location or were removed by a non-service provider to an unknown location
Information on the emptying and removal of waste from onsite sanitation facilities was introduced in DHS-8. This information is a component of determining if sanitation services are safely managed which is part of SDG 6.2.1 Proportion of population using (a) safely managed sanitation services and (b) hand-washing facility with soap and water.
World Health Organization (WHO) and the United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF). 2017. Progress on drinking water, sanitation and hygiene: 2017 update and SDG baselines. License: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO.
https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/258617
World Health Organization (WHO) and the United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF). 2018. JMP Methodology: 2017 Update & SDG Baselines
https://washdata.org/sites/default/files/documents/reports/2018-04/JMP-2017-update-methodology.pdf
Core questions on drinking water, sanitation and hygiene for household surveys: 2018 update. New York: United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) and World Health Organization, 2018.
DHS-8 Tabulation plan: Table 16.8
API Indicator IDs
WS_ERWA_P_STP, WS_ERWA_P_SDK, WS_ERWA_P_PIT, WS_ERWA_P_OPN, WS_ERWA_P_OTH,
WS_ERWA_P_DKW, WS_ERWA_P_NEV, WS_ERWA_P_DKE, WS_ERWA_P_SAF, WS_ERWA_P_UNS,
WS_ERWA_P_TRT, WS_MHEX_P_SEW, WS_MHEX_P_SAF, WS_MHEX_P_UNS, WS_MHEX_P_TRT
MICS6 Indicator WS.10: Safe disposal in situ of excreta from on-site sanitation facilities
SDG 6.2.1 Proportion of population using (a) safely managed sanitation services and (b) hand-washing facility with soap and water
1) Percent distribution of de jure population by management of excreta from household sanitation facilities.
2) Percentage connected to sewer, safely disposed of on-site, or removed for treatment offsite.
Coverage:
Population base: De jure household population (HR file or PR file)
Time period: Current status at time of survey
Numerators:
1) Number of de jure population with household sanitation facilities connected to the sewer (hv205 = 11)
2) Number of de jure population for using on site sanitation facilities, by disposal method (hv205, hv255, hv257)
3) Number of de jure population using improved sanitation facilities, on-site status unknown (hv205 = 15
4) Number of de jure population using unimproved sanitation facilities (hv205 in 14, 23, 41, 51, 96)
5) Number of de jure population practicing open defecation (hv205 = 61)
6) Number of de jure population with sanitation facilities connected to the sewer, safely disposed of on-site, or removed for treatment off-site. (hv205 = 11; or hv205 in 12, 13, 21, 22, 31 & hv255 in 2, 8; or hv255 = 1 & hv256 = 2; or hv205 in 12, 13, 21, 22, 31 & hv255 = 1 & hv257 in 1, 8)
Denominators:
Number of de jure population in households with on-site sanitation facilities (flush to septic tank, flus to pit latrine, VIP latrine, pit latrine with slab, composting toilet)
Variables: HR file, PR file.
|
hv012 |
Number of de jure members (if using HR file) |
|
hv102 |
Usual resident (if using PR file) |
|
hv205 |
Type of toilet facility |
|
hv255 |
Septic tank has been emptied |
|
hv256 |
Septic tank emptied by a service provider |
|
hv257 |
Where septic tanked emptied to |
|
hv005 |
Household sample weight |
Percent distribution of de jure population includes numerators 1-5
Numerator divided by denominator, multiplied by 100.
Population with missing information are included as separate categories.
Percent distribution adds up to 100 percent.
On-site sanitation facilities are those where the excreta are stored in a septic tank, pit latrine, or composting toilet.
Information on management of household excreta was introduced in DHS-8 and is a component of determining if sanitation services are safely managed which is part of SDG 6.2.1 Proportion of population using (a) safely managed sanitation services and (b) hand-washing facility with soap and water.
World Health Organization (WHO) and the United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF). 2017. Progress on drinking water, sanitation and hygiene: 2017 update and SDG baselines. License: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO.
https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/258617
World Health Organization (WHO) and the United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF). 2018. JMP Methodology: 2017 Update & SDG Baselines
https://washdata.org/sites/default/files/documents/reports/2018-04/JMP-2017-update-methodology.pdf
Core questions on drinking water, sanitation and hygiene for household surveys: 2018 update. New York: United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) and World Health Organization, 2018.
DHS-8 Tabulation plan: Table 16.9
API Indicator IDs:
WS_MHEX_P_SEW, WS_MHEX_P_SAF, WS_MHEX_P_UNS, WS_MHEX_P_TRT,
WS_MHEX_P_UNK, WS_MHEX_P_NON, WS_MHEX_P_NFC, WS_MHEX_P_SSR
MICS6 Indicator WS.11: Removal of excreta for treatment off-site
SDG 6.2.1 Proportion of population using (a) safely managed sanitation services and (b) hand-washing facility with soap and water
1) Percent distribution of youngest children under age 2 living with the mother, by the manner of disposal of child’s last fecal matter.
2) Percentage of children whose stools are disposed of appropriately.
Coverage:
Population base: Youngest child under age 2 living with the mother (KR file)
Time period: Disposal of child’s most recent fecal matter
Numerators:
1) Number of youngest children under age 2 living with mother distributed by way in which youngest child’s fecal matter is disposed of in the following manner: Child uses toilet or latrine, fecal matter put or rinsed into toilet or latrine, buried, put or rinsed into drain or ditch, thrown into garbage, left in the open, other, or missing (v465)
2) Numbers of youngest children under age 2 living with mother whose last fecal matter is disposed of appropriately: if the child used a toilet or latrine or if the fecal matter was put or rinsed into a toilet or latrine (v465 in 1:2)
Denominator: Number of youngest children under age 2 living with mother (see Calculation below)
Variables: KR file.
|
b9 |
Child lives with whom |
|
b19 |
Current age of child in months |
|
v465 |
Disposal of youngest child's stools when not using toilet |
|
v005 |
Women’s individual sample weight |
Numerator divided by the denominator, multiplied by 100.
Denominator:
To select the cases for the denominator, first filter or keep only children living with the mother born in the preceding 24 months (keep/select if b19 < 24 & b9 = 0), then keep only the youngest child (keep/select if the first entry in the dataset (_n = 0) or the first for this respondent (caseid ≠ caseid[_n-1]) as the youngest child is the first listed for the respondent in the data file). The commands in Stata and SPSS are given below:
Stata |
|
* keep if under 24 months and living with mother keep if b19 < 24 & b9 == 0 * and keep the last born of those. * if caseid is the same as the prior case, then not the last born keep if _n == 1 | caseid != caseid[_n-1] |
SPSS |
|
* keep if under 24 months and living with mother. select if (b19 < 24 & b9 = 0). * and keep the last born of those. * if caseid is the same as the prior case, then not the last born. select if (caseid <> lag(caseid)). |
Missing values are excluded from the numerator but included in the denominator.
Children’s stools are considered to be disposed of appropriately if the child used a toilet or latrine or if the fecal matter was put or rinsed into a toilet or latrine
The numerator has changed over time; in DHS-8, fecal matter that is buried is no longer considered an appropriate disposal method. The denominator has changed over time from children under age 5 to children under 3, and in DHS-7 and DHS-8, to children under age 2. The response categories are those proposed by the WHO/UNICEF Joint Monitoring Programme (see page 15 of Core questions on drinking-water and sanitation for household surveys, dated August 2006, by WHO and UNICEF).
World Bank. 2015. Management of child feces: current disposal practices. Water and sanitation program: Research brief
https://www.wsp.org/sites/wsp/files/publications/WSP-CFD-Summary-Brief.pdf
Core questions on drinking water, sanitation and hygiene for household surveys: 2018 update. New York: United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) and World Health Organization, 2018. https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/43489
DHS-8 Tabulation plan: Table 16.10
API Indicator IDs:
CH_DSTL_C_TLT, CH_DSTL_C_RTL, CH_DSTL_C_BUR, CH_DSTL_C_RDR, CH_DSTL_C_GBG, CH_DSTL_C_OPN, CH_DSTL_C_OTH