1) Percent distribution of births (live births and/or stillbirths) in the 2 years preceding the survey by person providing assistance during delivery.
2) Percentage of births (live births and/or stillbirths) in the 2 years preceding the survey that were assisted by a skilled provider.
3) Percentage of most recent live births in the 2 years preceding the survey with skin-to-skin contact immediately after birth.
Coverage:
Population base:
a) Live births to interviewed women in the 2 years preceding the survey (NR file)
b) Stillbirths to interviewed women in the 2 years preceding the survey (NR file)
c) All births (live births and stillbirths) to interviewed women in the 2 years preceding the survey (NR file)
Time period: Two years preceding survey
Numerators:
1) Numbers of births within each base population distributed according to type of person providing delivery assistance (m3a-n):
a) Doctor (m3a = 1)
b) Nurse/midwife (m3b = 1)
c) Auxiliary midwife (m3c = 1)
d) Traditional birth attendant (m3g = 1)
e) Relative/other (m3h = 1 or m3i = 1 or m3j = 1 or m3k = 1 or m3l = 1 or m3m = 1)
f) No one (m3n = 1)
(Note that variables used above are based on the standard DHS-8 questionnaire. Actual variables will be country specific but will be from the m3a-n series.)
2) Number of births within each base population delivered by a skilled provider. Skilled provider includes the cadres that are considered skilled attendants for delivery in the country (selection from m3a-n, typically m3a = 1 or m3b = 1 or m3c = 1, however the coding is specific to the country/survey)
3) Number of most recent live births put on mother’s chest and bare skin after birth (m77 = 1)
Denominators:
1) and 2) Number of births in each of the population bases:
a) Live births to interviewed women in the 2 years preceding the survey (m80 in 1:2 & p19 < 24)
b) Stillbirths to interviewed women in the 2 years preceding the survey (m80 in 3:4 & p19 < 24)
c) All births (live births and stillbirths) to interviewed women in the 2 years preceding the survey (m80 in 1:4 & p19 < 24)
3) Number of most recent live births to interviewed women in the 2 years preceding the survey (m80 = 1 & p19 < 24)
Variables: NR file.
|
m80 |
Pregnancy outcome for this section |
|
p19 |
Months since pregnancy outcome |
|
m3a |
Assistance: Doctor |
|
m3b-f |
Assistance: Country specific health professional |
|
m3g |
Assistance: Traditional birth attendant |
|
m3h-j |
Assistance: Country specific other person |
|
m3k |
Assistance: Other |
|
m3l-m |
Assistance: Country specific other |
|
m3n |
Assistance: No one |
|
m77 |
Was put on mother’s chest and bare skin after birth |
|
v005 |
Woman’s individual sample weight |
During data collection respondents may mention more than one provider. The percent distribution by type of provider takes the highest type of provider from the list above and does not include other providers mentioned by the respondent.
Numerator divided by the denominator, multiplied by 100.
Included separately in the distribution and in the denominator but excluded from the numerator for skilled attendance at delivery.
Percent distribution adds up to 100 percent. The variables for each type of provider are country specific. The variables listed above are based on the standard DHS-8 questionnaire, but the survey specific variables may differ. Traditional birth attendants are not considered skilled providers, whether trained or untrained.
Skin-to-skin contact includes baby being put on chest and touching bare skin, if the baby was put on chest but not touching bare skin, it is not considered skin-to-skin.
The DHS-7 questionnaire was updated in March 2016 to better capture postpartum skin-to-skin contact practices using two questions (Immediately after birth, was (NAME of baby) put on your chest? Was (NAME of baby)’s bare skin touching your bare skin?) rather than one question (Was the baby put directly on the bare skin of your chest?). This indicator was added to the standard tables in final reports in September 2018.
In DHS-8, the reference time period for this indicator changed from 5 years to 2 years, reflecting a shorter time period asked about in the women’s questionnaire. Also in DHS-8, the population base for this indicator was expanded from only women who had at least one live birth in the 2 years preceding the survey to include women who had a stillbirth in the 2 years preceding the survey, as well as women who had one or more births (either live birth or stillbirth) in the 2 years preceding the survey. “Auxiliary nurse/midwife” was also changed to “auxiliary midwife”
MacQuarrie, K. L.D., L. Mallick, and C. Allen. 2017. Sexual and reproductive health in early and later adolescence: DHS data on youth Age 10-19. DHS Comparative Reports No. 45. Rockville, Maryland, USA: ICF. https://dhsprogram.com/publications/publication-cr45-comparative-reports.cfm
Mallick, L., J. Yourkavitch, and C. Allen. 2018. Thermal Care and Umbilical Cord Care Practices and Their Associations with Newborn Mortality. DHS Analytical Studies No. 68. Rockville, Maryland, USA: ICF. https://dhsprogram.com/publications/publication-as68-analytical-studies.cfm
Wang, W., S. Alva, S. Wang, and A. Fort. 2011. Levels and trends in the use of maternal health services in developing countries. DHS Comparative Reports No. 26. Calverton, Maryland, USA: ICF Macro. https://dhsprogram.com/publications/publication-cr26-comparative-reports.cfm
World Health Organization, 2018. Definition of skilled health personnel providing care during childbirth: the 2018 joint statement by WHO, UNFPA, UNICEF, ICM, ICN, FIGO and IPA. World Health Organization. https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/WHO-RHR-18.14
World Health Organization. 2018. Global reference list of 100 core health indicators. Geneva: World Health Organization. https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/259951
DHS-8 Tabulation plan: Table 9.9
API Indicator IDs:
RH_DELA_C_DOC, RH_DELA_C_NRS, RH_DELA_C_AUX, RH_DELA_C_OHW, RH_DELA_C_TBA, RH_DELA_C_REL, RH_DELA_C_NON, RH_DELA_C_DKM, RH_DELA_C_SKP
SDG Indicator 3.1.2: Proportion of births attended by skilled health personnel
WHO 100 Core Health Indicators: Births attended by skilled health personnel
MICS6 Indicator TM.9: Skilled attendant at delivery.