For surveys without testing to distinguish between HIV-1 and HIV-2:
1) Among the de facto women (or men) age 15-49 who were interviewed and tested, percentage HIV positive.
For surveys with testing to distinguish between HIV-1 and HIV-2:
2) Among the de facto women (or men) age 15-49 who were interviewed and tested, percentage HIV-1 positive.
3) Among the de facto women (or men) age 15-49 who were interviewed and tested, percentage HIV-2 positive.
4) Among the de facto women (or men) age 15-49 who were interviewed and tested, percentage HIV-1 or HIV-2 positive.
Indicators are also calculated for young people age 15-24.
Coverage:
Population base: Women (or men) age 15-49 interviewed and tested (IR file, MR file, AR file)
Time period: Current status at time of survey
Numerators:
For surveys without testing to distinguish between HIV-1 and HIV-2:
1) Number of de facto women (or men) age 15-49 who are HIV positive (hiv03 = 1)
For surveys with testing to distinguish between HIV-1 and HIV-2:
2) Number of de facto women (or men) age 15-49 who are HIV-1 positive (hiv03 in 1, 3)
3) Number of de facto women (or men) age 15-49 who are HIV-2 positive (hiv03 = 2)
4) Number of de facto women (or men) age 15-49 who are HIV-1 or HIV-2 positive (hiv03 in 1, 2, 3)
Denominator: Number of de facto women (or men) age 15-49 interviewed and tested (hiv03 in 0:7,9). This is the number of women and men who completed an individual interview, whose blood specimen completed the HIV testing algorithm for the survey with a final HIV test result, i.e., positive, negative, or inconclusive
Variables: IR file, MR file, AR file.
|
v001 |
Cluster number (women) |
|
v002 |
Household number (women) |
|
v003 |
Line number (women) |
|
mv001 |
Cluster number (men) |
|
mv002 |
Household number (men) |
|
mv003 |
Line number (men) |
|
hivclust |
Cluster |
|
hivnumb |
Household |
|
hivline |
Line |
|
hiv03 |
Blood test result |
|
hiv05 |
HIV Sample weight |
The HIV test results data (AR file) should first be merged to the women’s dataset (IR file) or the men’s dataset (MR file) by cluster number (v001/mv001/hivclust), household number (v002/mv002/hivnumb) and line number (v003/mv003/hivline). This file also contains a sample weight variable with a separate non-response adjustment for participation in the survey HIV test (HIV05).
Cases are weighted by the HIV sample weight (hiv05), not the women’s or men’s sample weights.
Numerator divided by the denominator, multiplied by 100.
Individuals who consented to the HIV test and provided a blood specimen for testing, but who do not have a corresponding final HIV test result are considered “not tested”. They are excluded from the denominator and numerator of the HIV prevalence estimate.
The HIV prevalence reflects current HIV infection on the day the blood sample was taken. In surveys which include both centralized laboratory testing for HIV and rapid testing for HIV in the household, the survey prevalence is based on the results of the laboratory testing only.
In DHS-7 and DHS-8, for surveys with testing to distinguish between HIV-1 and HIV-2, those found positive for either HIV-1 or HIV-2 (hiv03 in 1,2,3) are considered as HIV positive in these indicators.
Prior to DHS-7, for surveys with testing to distinguish between HIV-1 and HIV-2, only those tested and found positive for HIV-1 (including those found positive for HIV-1 only, as well as those found positive for both HIV-1 and HIV-2) (hiv03 in 1,3) are considered as HIV positive in these indicators.
The indicators are presented separately by sex and for both sexes combined. For both sexes combined the data are restricted to women and men age 15-49 (or 15-24 for indicators for young people).
In the first three DHS surveys including HIV testing (Mali 2001, Dominican Republic 2001, and Zambia 2001-02), HIV test results cannot be linked to specific survey respondents. In all subsequent surveys, the HIV status can be linked to an individual survey respondent.
In surveys from 2003-2014, The DHS Program used the HIV testing algorithm consistent with that published in the 2005 UNAIDS/WHO Guidelines for measuring national HIV prevalence in population-based surveys. In surveys starting in 2015, The DHS Program used a new HIV testing algorithm based on the 2015 WHO HIV testing guidelines (WHO, 2015). Two significant changes include (1) specimens with discrepant results on the first two HIV tests are no-longer rendered positive by a third “tie-breaker” assay, and (2) all specimens with positive results on the first two HIV assays now receive a third “confirmatory” assay and are rendered positive only if the third assay is also positive.
The change in algorithm can impact the integrity of trends in HIV prevalence over time. Specifically, the change in the HIV testing algorithm can augment decreases in HIV prevalence, or moderate increases. The degree to which the trend is impacted is difficult to assess quantitatively and depends on the quality of the HIV testing in the particular surveys in question.
UNAIDS/WHO Working Group on Global HIV/AIDS and STI Surveillance. 2005. Guidelines for measuring national HIV prevalence in population-based surveys. http://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/43349
World Health Organization (WHO). 2015. Consolidated Guidelines on HIV Testing Services. Geneva: WHO. https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/978-92-4-155058-1
DHS-8 Tabulation plan: Tables 14.3, 14.4, 14.5, 14.6, 14.7, 14.8, 14.9, 14.10, 14.11
API Indicator IDs:
Women:
HA_HIVP_W_HIV, HA_HIVP_W_HVE, HA_HIVP_W_HVR, HA_HIVP_W_HVL, HA_HIVP_W_HVU, HA_HIVY_W_HIV, HA_HIVY_W_HVE, HA_HIVY_W_HVR, HA_HIVY_W_HVL, HA_HIVY_W_HVU
Men:
HA_HIVP_M_HIV, HA_HIVP_M_HVE, HA_HIVP_M_HVR, HA_HIVP_M_HVL, HA_HIVP_M_HVU, HA_HIVY_M_HIV, HA_HIVY_M_HVE, HA_HIVY_M_HVR, HA_HIVY_M_HVL, HA_HIVY_M_HVU
Both sexes:
HA_HIVP_B_HIV, HA_HIVP_B_HVE, HA_HIVP_B_HVR, HA_HIVP_B_HVL, HA_HIVP_B_HVU, HA_HIVY_B_HIV, HA_HIVY_B_HVE, HA_HIVY_B_HVR, HA_HIVY_B_HVL, HA_HIVY_B_HVU
(API link, STATcompiler link)
WHO 100 Core Health Indicators: HIV prevalence rate