1) Percentage of de jure population for whom the place most often used for handwashing was observed, and by whether its location is fixed or mobile.
2) Among the de jure population for whom a place for handwashing was observed, percentage with water, soap, and cleansing agents other than soap available.
Coverage:
Population base: De jure household population (HR file or PR file)
Time period: Current status at time of survey
Numerators:
1) Number of de jure population where a place for handwashing was observed:
a) Fixed (hv230a = 1)
b) Mobile (hv230a = 2)
c) Total (hv230a in 1,2)
2) Number of de jure population where a place for handwashing was observed (hv230a in 1,2) with:
a) Water (hv230b = 1)
b) Soap (hv232 = 1)
c) Cleansing agent other than soap (hv232b = 1)
Denominators:
a) Number of de jure population (hv012 – see Calculation)
b) Number of de jure population in which a place for handwashing was observed (hv230a in 1,2) (hv012 – see Calculation)
Variables: HR file, PR file.
|
hv012 |
Number of de jure members (if using HR file) |
|
hv102 |
Usual resident (if using PR file) |
|
hv230a |
Place where household members wash their hands |
|
hv230b |
Presence of water at handwashing place |
|
hv232 |
Items present: Soap or detergent |
|
hv232b |
Items present: Ash, mud, sand |
|
hv005 |
Household sample weight |
The percent distribution of the de jure population can be calculated using the HR file and simply weighting the data by the sample weight (hv005/1000000) multiplied by the number of de jure household members (hv012). Alternatively, the PR file can be used, selecting the de jure members (hv102 = 1) and weighting just by the sample weight (hv005/1000000).
Numerator divided by denominator, multiplied by 100.
Households with missing information on a place for washing or on availability of water, soap, or other cleansing agent are assumed not to have those characteristics.
Percent distribution adds up to 100 percent.
Questions on handwashing were introduced in DHS-VI, with a single coding category used to indicate a place handwashing was “Observed”. In DHS-7, an additional coding category was added to indicate the type of place for handwashing that was observed. The two categories are “Observed, fixed place” and “Observed, mobile”.
In order to conform to the JMP guidelines, this indicator is now presented for the de jure population - previously this was tabulated for households rather than for population. As part of the SDG monitoring, the JMP has introduced criteria for basic and limited handwashing facilities that take into consideration the availability of soap and/or water. In the context of the SDGs, the presence of cleansing agents other than soap (e.g., ash, mud, or sand) are not taken into consideration. As of September 2018, these changes have been implemented in DHS surveys.
World Health Organization (WHO) and the United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF). 2017. Progress on drinking water, sanitation and hygiene: 2017 update and SDG baselines. License: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO.
https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/258617
World Health Organization (WHO) and the United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF). 2018. JMP Methodology: 2017 Update & SDG Baselines
https://washdata.org/sites/default/files/documents/reports/2018-04/JMP-2017-update-methodology.pdf
Core questions on drinking water, sanitation and hygiene for household surveys: 2018 update. New York: United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) and World Health Organization, 2018.
DHS-8 Tabulation plan: Table 16.11
API Indicator IDs:
Households:
WS_HNDW_H_FXD, WS_HNDW_H_MOB, WS_HNDW_H_OBS, WS_HNDW_H_WAT, WS_HNDW_H_SOP, WS_HNDW_H_CLN, WS_HNDW_H_DKM
De jure population:
WS_HNDW_P_FXD, WS_HNDW_P_MOB, WS_HNDW_P_OBS, WS_HNDW_P_WAT, WS_HNDW_P_SOP, WS_HNDW_P_CLN, WS_HNDW_P_DKM
MICS6 Indicator WS.7: Handwashing facility with water and soap
SDG 1.4.1 Proportion of population living in households with access to basic services
SDG 6.2.1 Proportion of population using (a) safely managed sanitation services and (b) hand-washing facility with soap and water
1) Percentage of de jure population with a basic handwashing facility.
2) Percentage of de jure population with a limited handwashing facility.
Coverage:
Population base: De jure household population (HR file or PR file)
Time period: Current status at time of survey
Numerators:
1) Number of households or de jure population for whom there is a handwashing facility observed on the premises or no facility available (hv230a in 1,2,3) with soap and water (hv230b = 1 & hv232 = 1)
2) Number of households or de jure population for whom there is a handwashing facility observed on the premises or no facility available (hv230a in 1,2,3) without soap and/or water (hv230b = 0 or hv232 = 0)
Denominators:
a) Number of households
b) Number of de jure population (hv012 – see Calculation)
Variables: HR file, PR file.
|
hv012 |
Number of de jure members (if using HR file) |
|
hv102 |
Usual resident (if using PR file) |
|
hv230a |
Place where household members wash their hands |
|
hv230b |
Presence of water at hand washing place |
|
hv232 |
Items present: Soap or detergent |
|
hv005 |
Household sample weight |
The percent distribution of the de jure population can be calculated using the HR file and simply weighting the data by the sample weight (hv005/1000000) multiplied by the number of de jure household members (hv012). Alternatively, the PR file can be used, selecting the de jure members (hv102 = 1) and weighting just by the sample weight (hv005/1000000).
Numerator divided by denominator, multiplied by 100.
Households with missing information on a place for washing or on availability of water, soap, or other cleansing agent are excluded from the numerator, but included in the denominator.
Note that the denominator includes the de jure population from households with no handwashing facility but excludes the de jure population from households who do not provide permission to see the handwashing facility or where it is not seen for some other reason.
See Changes over Time for Percentage of the de jure population for whom handwashing was observed.
As part of the SDG period, the JMP has introduced criteria for basic and limited handwashing facilities that take into consideration the availability of soap and/or water. In the context of the SDGs, the presence of cleansing agents other than soap (e.g., ash, mud, or sand) are not taken into consideration. As of September 2018, this change has been implemented in DHS surveys.
World Health Organization (WHO) and the United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF). 2017. Progress on drinking water, sanitation and hygiene: 2017 update and SDG baselines. License: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO.
https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/258617
World Health Organization (WHO) and the United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF). 2018. JMP Methodology: 2017 Update & SDG Baselines
https://washdata.org/sites/default/files/documents/reports/2018-04/JMP-2017-update-methodology.pdf
Core questions on drinking water, sanitation and hygiene for household surveys: 2018 update. New York: United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) and World Health Organization, 2018.
DHS-8 Tabulation plan: Table 16.11
API Indicator IDs:
Households:
WS_HNDW_H_BAS, WS_HNDW_H_LTD
De jure population:
WS_HNDW_P_BAS, WS_HNDW_P_LTD
MICS6 Indicator WS.7: Handwashing facility with water and soap
SDG 1.4.1 Proportion of population living in households with access to basic services
SDG 6.2.1 Proportion of population using (a) safely managed sanitation services and (b) hand-washing facility with soap and water