1) Among women giving birth in the 2 years preceding the survey, percent distribution of the mother’s first postnatal check for the most recent birth (live birth or stillbirth) by time after delivery.
2) Percentage of women with a birth (live birth or stillbirth) in the 2 years preceding the survey who received a postnatal check during the first 2 days after giving birth.
Coverage:
Population base:
a) Women who have had a live birth in the 2 years preceding the survey (NR file)
b) Women who have had a stillbirth in the 2 years preceding the survey (NR file)
c) Women who have had a live birth or a stillbirth in the 2 years preceding the survey (NR file)
Time period: Two years preceding the survey
Numerators:
Number of women within each base population:
1) distributed by the timing of first postnatal check by a health provider for the mother (less than 4 hours, 4-23 hours, 1-2 days, 3-6 days, 7-41 days, Don’t Know/Missing, No Postnatal Check)
2) who had a postnatal check by a health provider during the first 2 days after giving birth
Denominator:
Number of women in each of the population bases:
a) Women who have had a live birth in the 2 years preceding the survey (m80 = 1 & p19 < 24)
b) Women who have had a stillbirth in the 2 years preceding the survey (m80 = 3 & p19 < 24)
c) Women who have had a live birth or a stillbirth in the 2 years preceding the survey (m80 = 1 or 3 & p19 < 24)
Variables: NR file.
|
m80 |
Pregnancy outcome for this section |
|
p19 |
Months since pregnancy outcome |
|
m62 |
Respondent's health checked before discharge |
|
m63 |
How long after delivery respondent’s health check took place before discharge |
|
m64 |
Who checked respondent health before discharge |
|
m66 |
Respondent's health checked after discharge/delivery at home |
|
m67 |
How long after discharge/delivery at home respondent health check took place |
|
m68 |
Who checked respondent health after discharge/delivery at home |
|
v005 |
Woman’s individual sample weight |
Numerators: For the last birth (live birth or stillbirth) in the 2 years preceding the survey (m80 = 1 or 3), if the respondent was checked after delivery in a facility (m62 = 1) or after discharge/delivery at home (m66 = 1):
· The type of provider before discharge is verified to ensure that it is a health provider (m64 in 10:29) and if so the timing of the check is taken from m63; otherwise
· The type of provider after discharge or delivery at home is verified to ensure that it is a health provider (m68 in 10:29) and if so the timing of that check is taken from m67. All categories of health providers are considered, including community health workers and traditional birth attendants, which is different from the definitions of skilled providers of antenatal and delivery care.
If neither case is true, it is considered that no postnatal check took place. Additionally, if the postnatal check was 42 or more days after delivery it is also considered that no postnatal check took place.
Categories from m63 or m67 are:
less than 4 hours = 100:103
4-23 hours = 104-123, 200
1-2 days = 124-171, 201-202
3-6 days = 172-197, 203-206
7-41 days = 207-241, 300-305
Don’t Know/Missing = 198, 199, 298, 299, 398, 399, 998, 999
If the timing of the mother’s postnatal check from m63 or m67 is in the range 0-71 hours (m63/m67 in 100:171), or is reported in hours but the number of hours was missing or “don’t know” (m63/m67 = 198 or 199), or timing was 2 days or less (m63/m67 in 200:202) then the postnatal care was considered as taking place during the first 2 days, otherwise is categorized as no postnatal check during the first 2 days.
Numerator divided by the denominator, multiplied by 100.
If the type of health provider is missing, the check is considered not to have been performed by a health provider and is treated as no check performed.
If the timing of the check is “don’t know”, this is included in a separate category in the percent distribution.
For the postnatal check with the first 2 days, if the timing of the check is reported as in hours but is missing or “don’t know” (m63/m67 = 198 or 199), this is considered as within the first 2 days. If the timing of the check is reported in days but is missing or “don’t know” (m63/m67 = 298 or 299) or the reporting of hours or days is missing (m63/m67 = 998 or 999), this is considered as no postnatal check in the first 2 days.
Percent distribution adds up to 100 percent.
Postnatal check includes women who received a check from a doctor, midwife, nurse, community health worker, or traditional birth attendant. Other persons such as family members or friends are not included as postnatal checks.
The category “No postnatal check” is included in the distribution. This category also includes women whose first postnatal checkup occurred 42 or more days after delivery.
This indicator has changed substantially over time. Prior to DHS-V (2003), women whose last birth was delivered in a health facility were excluded from this indicator based on the assumption that women who delivered in a health facility received post-partum care. After 2003, all women regardless of place of delivery were assessed for whether they had a check as well as the timing, and provider.
In DHS-V and DHS-VI (2003-2013), women who delivered in a facility were asked if their health was checked before discharge and, if so, the timing and provider of the check. If not, they were asked if their health was checked after discharge, and then about the timing and provider of the first check. Women who delivered at home were also asked if they received a check, as well as about the timing and the provider. In DHS-V and DHS-VI, women who delivered in a health facility could only provide responses about a postnatal check for the newborn either before discharge or after discharge.
In DHS-7 (2013-2018), however, women who delivered in a facility were asked about a postnatal check both before and after discharge. Women’s responses about timing and provider of a check after discharge or among women who delivered at home are combined into single variables (m66, m67, and m68). In the calculation of the indicator for postnatal care among all women, women’s report of a check prior to discharge is prioritized over the check after discharge or among women delivering at home.
In DHS-8, the reference time period for this indicator changed from 5 years to 2 years, reflecting a shorter time period asked about in the women’s questionnaire. Also in DHS-8, the population base for this indicator was expanded from only women who had at least one live birth in the 2 years preceding the survey to include women who had a stillbirth in the 2 years preceding the survey, as well as women who had one or more births (either live birth or stillbirth) in the 2 years preceding the survey.
Carvajal–Aguirre, L., A. Amouzou, V. Mehra, M. Ziqi, N. Zaka, and H. Newby. 2017. “Gap between contact and content in maternal and newborn care: An analysis of data from 20 countries in sub–Saharan Africa.” Journal of global health, 7(2). https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29423178
MacQuarrie, K.L.D., L. Mallick, and C. Allen. 2017. Sexual and reproductive health in early and later adolescence: DHS data on youth Age 10-19. DHS Comparative Reports No. 45. Rockville, Maryland, USA: ICF. https://dhsprogram.com/publications/publication-cr45-comparative-reports.cfm
Moran, A.C., K. Kerber, D. Sitrin, T. Guenther, C.S. Morrissey, H. Newby, J. Fishel, P.S. Yoder, Z. Hill and J.E. Lawn, 2013. “Measuring coverage in MNCH: indicators for global tracking of newborn care.” PLoS medicine, 10(5), p.e1001415. https://journals.plos.org/plosmedicine/article?id=10.1371/journal.pmed.1001415
World Health Organization. 2018. Global reference list of 100 core health indicators. Geneva: World Health Organization. https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/259951
DHS-8 Tabulation plan: Table 9.11 and Table 9.17
API Indicator IDs:
RH_PCMT_W_L4H, RH_PCMT_W_23H, RH_PCMT_W_D12, RH_PCMT_W_D36, RH_PCMT_W_D7P, RH_PCMT_W_DKM, RH_PCMT_W_NON, RH_PCMT_W_DY2
WHO 100 Core Health Indicators: Postpartum care coverage - women
MICS6 Indicator TM.20: Postnatal health check for the mother
Among women giving birth (live birth and/or stillbirth) in the 2 years preceding the survey, percent distribution by type of provider for the mother’s first postnatal check during the first 2 days after the most recent live birth and/or stillbirth.
Coverage:
Population base:
a) Women who have had a live birth in the 2 years preceding the survey (NR file)
b) Women who have had a stillbirth in the 2 years preceding the survey (NR file)
c) Women who have had a live birth or a stillbirth in the 2 years preceding the survey (NR file)
Time period: Two years preceding the survey
Numerator:
Number of women in each base population, distributed by the type of provider for the first postnatal check for the mother:
1) Doctor/nurse/midwife (m64/m68 = 11 or 12)
2) Auxiliary midwife (m64/m68 = 13)
3) Community health worker/fieldworker (m64/m68 = 22)
4) Traditional birth attendant (m64/m68 = 21)
5) No postnatal check during the first 2 days after the birth
Denominator:
Number of women in each of the population bases:
a) Women who have had a live birth in the 2 years preceding the survey (m80 = 1 & p19 < 24)
b) Women who have had a stillbirth in the 2 years preceding the survey (m80 = 3 & p19 < 24)
c) Women who have had a live birth or a stillbirth in the 2 years preceding the survey (m80 = 1 or 3 & p19 < 24)
Variables: NR file.
|
m80 |
Pregnancy outcome for this section |
|
p19 |
Months since pregnancy outcome |
|
m62 |
Respondent's health checked before discharge |
|
m63 |
How long after delivery respondent’s health check took place |
|
m64 |
Who checked respondent health before discharge |
|
m66 |
Respondent's health checked after discharge/delivery at home |
|
m67 |
How long after discharge/delivery at home respondent health check took place |
|
m68 |
Who checked respondent health after discharge/delivery at home |
|
v005 |
Woman’s individual sample weight |
Numerator: For the last birth (live birth or stillbirth) in the 2 years preceding the survey (m80 = 1 or 3), if the respondent was checked after delivery (m62 = 1) or after discharge/delivery at home (m66 = 1):
· The type of provider before discharge is verified to ensure that it is a health provider (inclusive of all providers—skilled attendants as well as community health workers or traditional birth attendants—m64 in 10:29) and if so the timing of the check is taken from m63; otherwise
· The type of provider after discharge/delivery at home is verified to ensure that it is a health provider (m68 in 10:29) and if so the timing of that check is taken from m67.
If neither case is true, it is considered that no postnatal check took place.
If the timing of the mother’s postnatal check from m63 or m67 is in the range 0-71 hours (m63/m67 in 100:171), or is reported in hours but the number of hours was missing or “don’t know” (m63/m67 = 198 or 199), or timing was 2 days or less (m63/m67 in 200:202) then the postnatal care was considered as taking place during the first 2 days, otherwise is categorized as no postnatal check during the first 2 days.
Numerator divided by the denominator, multiplied by 100.
If the type of health provider is missing, the check is considered not to have been performed by a health provider and is treated as no check performed.
If the timing of the check is reported as in hours but is missing or “don’t know” (m63/m67 = 198 or 199), this is considered as within the first 2 days. If the timing of the check is reported in days but is missing or “don’t know” (m63/m67 = 298 or 299) or the reporting of hours or days is missing (m63/m67 = 998 or 999), this is considered as no postnatal check in the first 2 days.
Percent distribution adds up to 100 percent.
Postnatal check includes women who received a check from a doctor, midwife, nurse, community health worker, or traditional birth attendant. Other persons such as family members or friends are not included as postnatal checks.
The category “Did not received prenatal checkup during the first 2 days” is included in the distribution.
This indicator has changed substantially over time. Prior to DHS-V (2003), women whose last birth was delivered in a health facility were excluded from this indicator based on the assumption that women who delivered in a health facility received post-partum care. After 2003, all women regardless of place of delivery were assessed for whether they had a check as well as the timing, and provider.
In DHS-V and DHS-VI (2003-2013), women who delivered in a facility were asked if their health was checked before discharge and, if so, the timing and provider of the check. If not, they were asked if their health was checked after discharge, and then about the timing and provider of the first check. Women who delivered at home were also asked if they received a check, as well as about the timing and the provider. In DHS-V and DHS-VI, women who delivered in a health facility could only provide responses about a postnatal check for the newborn either before discharge or after discharge.
In DHS-7 (2013-2018), however, women who delivered in a facility were asked about a postnatal check both before and after discharge. Women’s responses about timing and provider of a check after discharge or among women who delivered at home are combined into one variable (m66, m67, m68). In the calculation of the indicator for postnatal care among all women, women’s report of a check prior to discharge is prioritized over the check after discharge or among women delivering at home.
In DHS-8, the reference time period for this indicator changed from 5 years to 2 years, reflecting a shorter time period asked about in the women’s questionnaire. Also in DHS-8, the population base for this indicator was expanded from only women who had at least one live birth in the 2 years preceding the survey to include women who had a stillbirth in the 2 years preceding the survey, as well as women who had one or more births (either live birth or stillbirth) in the 2 years preceding the survey.
Moran, A.C., K. Kerber, D. Sitrin, T. Guenther, C.S. Morrissey, H. Newby, J. Fishel, P.S. Yoder, Z. Hill and J.E. Lawn, 2013. “Measuring coverage in MNCH: indicators for global tracking of newborn care.” PLoS medicine, 10(5), p.e1001415. https://journals.plos.org/plosmedicine/article?id=10.1371/journal.pmed.1001415
DHS-8 Tabulation plan: Table 9.12
API Indicator IDs:
RH_PCMP_W_DOC, RH_PCMP_W_NRS, RH_PCMP_W_CHW, RH_PCMP_W_OHW, RH_PCMP_W_TBA, RH_PCMP_W_DKM, RH_PCMP_W_NON
1) Among women with a birth (live birth and/or stillbirth) in the last 2 years, the percentage that had their blood pressure measured during postnatal care for their most recent birth.
2) Among women with a birth (live birth and/or stillbirth) in the last 2 years, the percentage that discussed vaginal bleeding with a provider during postnatal care for their most recent birth.
3) Among women with a birth (live birth and/or stillbirth) in the last 2 years, the percentage that discussed family planning with a provider during postnatal care for their most recent birth.
Coverage:
Population base:
a) Women who have had a live birth in the 2 years preceding the survey (NR file)
b) Women who have had a stillbirth in the 2 years preceding the survey (NR file)
c) Women who have had a live birth or a stillbirth in the 2 years preceding the survey (NR file)
Time period: Two years preceding the survey
Numerators:
Number of women within each base population who:
1) had their blood pressure measured during postnatal care within 2 days after the most recent live birth or stillbirth (m74f = 1)
2) discussed vaginal bleeding with a provider during postnatal care within 2 days after the most recent live birth or stillbirth (m74g = 1)
3) discussed family planning with a provider during postnatal care within 2 days after the most recent live birth or stillbirth (m74h = 1)
Denominators:
Number of women in each of the population bases:
a) Women who have had a live birth in the 2 years preceding the survey (m80 = 1 & p19 < 24)
b) Women who have had a stillbirth in the 2 years preceding the survey (m80 = 3 & p19 < 24)
c) Women who have had a live birth or a stillbirth in the 2 years preceding the survey (m80 = 1 or 3 & p19 < 24)
Variables: NR file.
|
m80 |
Pregnancy outcome for this section |
|
p19 |
Months since pregnancy outcome |
|
m74f |
During first 2 days health provider: measure blood pressure |
|
m74g |
During first 2 days health provider: discuss vaginal bleeding |
|
m74h |
During first 2 days health provider: discuss family planning |
|
v005 |
Woman’s individual sample weight |
For percentages, the numerator divided by the denominator, multiplied by 100.
“Don’t know” and missing values on key components of postnatal care (e.g. blood pressure measured) are excluded from numerators but included in denominators, assuming that they did not receive the antenatal care component.
Bhutta ZA, Das JK, Bahl R, Lawn JE, Salam RA, Paul VK, et al. Can available interventions end preventable deaths in mothers, newborn babies, and stillbirths, and at what cost? Lancet. 2014;384:347-70. 10.1016/S0140-6736(14)60792-3
Stanton CK, Rawlins B, Drake M, Dos Anjos M, Cantor D, Chongo L, Chavane L, da Luz Vaz M, Ricca J. Measuring coverage in MNCH: testing the validity of women's self-report of key maternal and newborn health interventions during the peripartum period in Mozambique. PLoS One. 2013;8(5):e60694.
World Health Organization. WHO recommendations on postnatal care of the mother and newborn. World Health Organization, 2014. https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/97603
DHS-8 Tabulation plan: Tables 9.13
API Indicator IDs:
TBD
(API link TBD, STATcompiler link TBD)
1) Percent distribution of most recent live birth in the 2 years preceding the survey by time after birth of first postnatal check for the newborn.
2) Percentage of most recent live birth in the 2 years preceding the survey with a postnatal check for the newborn during the first 2 days after birth.
Coverage:
Population base: Most recent live births of interviewed mothers in the 2 years preceding the survey (NR File)
Time period: Two years preceding the survey
Numerators:
1) The number of most recent live births in the 2 years preceding the survey, by category of timing of newborn check during the first week after birth, including newborns who did not have a checkup in that time (less than 1 hour, 1-3 hours, 4-23 hours, 1-2 days, 3-6 days, don’t know, no postnatal check)
2) The number of most recent live births in the 2 years preceding the survey with a postnatal check during the first 2 days after birth
Denominator: Most recent live birth of interviewed mothers who had at least one live birth in the 2 years preceding the survey (m80 = 1 & p19 < 24)
Variables: NR file.
|
m80 |
Pregnancy outcome for this section |
|
p19 |
Months since pregnancy outcome |
|
m70 |
Baby postnatal check within 2 months |
|
m71 |
Time after delivery postnatal check took place |
|
m72 |
Person who performed postnatal checkup |
|
m74 |
Child's health checked before discharge |
|
m75 |
How long after delivery child’s health check took place before discharge |
|
m76 |
Who checked child health before discharge |
|
v005 |
Woman’s individual sample weight |
Numerators: For the most recent live birth in the 2 years preceding the survey (m80 = 1), if the newborn was checked before discharge (m74 = 1) or had a postnatal check within two months (m70 = 1):
· The type of provider before discharge is verified to ensure that it is a health provider (m76 in 10:29) and if so the timing of the check is taken from m75; otherwise
· The type of provider for the postnatal check is verified to ensure that it is a health provider (m72 in 10:29) and if so the timing of that check is taken from m71
If neither case is true, it is considered that no postnatal check took place. Additionally, if the postnatal check was 7 or more days after delivery it is also considered that no postnatal check took place.
Categories from m71 or m75 are:
<1 hour = 100
1-3 hours = 101-103
4-23 hours = 104-123, 200
1-2 days = 124-171, 201, 202
3-6 days = 172-197, 203-206
Don’t Know/Missing = 198, 199, 298, 299, 398, 399, 998, 999
If the timing of the newborn’s postnatal check from m75 or m71 is in the range 0-71 hours (m75/m71 in 100:171), or is reported in hours but the number of hours was missing or “don’t know” (m75/m71 = 198 or 199), or timing was 2 days or less (m75/m71 in 200:202) then the postnatal care was considered as taking place during the first 2 days, otherwise is categorized as no postnatal check during the first 2 days.
Numerator divided by the denominator, multiplied by 100.
If the type of health provider is missing, the check is considered not to have been performed by a health provider and is treated as no check performed.
If the timing of the check is reported as in hours but is missing or “don’t know” (m75/m71 = 198 or 199), this is considered as within the first 2 days. If the timing of the check is reported in days but is missing or “don’t know” (m75/m71 = 298 or 299) or the reporting of hours or days is missing (m75/m71 = 998 or 999), this is considered as no postnatal check in the first 2 days.
Percent distribution adds up to 100 percent.
Postnatal check includes newborns who received a check from a doctor, midwife, nurse, community health worker, or traditional birth attendant. Other persons such as family members or friends are not included as postnatal checks.
The category “Did not received postnatal checkup during the first 2 days” is included in the distribution.
This indicator has changed substantially over time. Prior to DHS-V (2003), the DHS survey did not ask separately about postnatal checks for the mother and for the newborn.
In DHS-V and DHS-VI (2003-2013), women who delivered in a facility were asked if their newborn’s health was checked before discharge and, if so, about the timing and provider giving performing the check. If they did not have a check before discharge, they were asked if the baby’s health was checked after discharge, as well as about the timing and provider of the first check. Women who delivered at home were also asked if their baby received a check, and about the timing and provider of the check. In DHS-V and DHS-VI, women who delivered in a health facility could only provide responses about a postnatal check for the newborn either before discharge or after discharge.
In DHS-7 (2013-2018), however, women who delivered in a facility were asked about a postnatal check both before and after discharge. Women’s responses about timing and provider of the baby’s check after discharge or among women who delivered at home are combined into one variable (m71 and 72).
In the calculation of the indicator, women’s report of the baby’s check prior to discharge is prioritized over the check after discharge or among women delivering at home.
In DHS-8, the reference time period for this indicator changed from 5 years to 2 years, reflecting a shorter time period asked about in the women’s questionnaire.
Carvajal–Aguirre, L., A. Amouzou, V. Mehra, M. Ziqi, N. Zaka, and H. Newby. 2017. “Gap between contact and content in maternal and newborn care: An analysis of data from 20 countries in sub–Saharan Africa.” Journal of global health, 7(2). https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29423178
Moran, A.C., K. Kerber, D. Sitrin, T. Guenther, C.S. Morrissey, H. Newby, J. Fishel, P.S. Yoder, Z. Hill and J.E. Lawn, 2013. “Measuring coverage in MNCH: indicators for global tracking of newborn care.” PLoS medicine, 10(5), p.e1001415. https://journals.plos.org/plosmedicine/article?id=10.1371/journal.pmed.1001415
World Health Organization. 2018. Global reference list of 100 core health indicators. Geneva: World Health Organization. https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/259951
DHS-8 Tabulation plan: Table 9.14 and Table 9.17
API Indicator IDs:
RH_PCCT_C_L1H, RH_PCCT_C_H13, RH_PCCT_C_H4P, RH_PCCT_C_D12, RH_PCCT_C_D36, RH_PCCT_C_DKM, RH_PCCT_C_NON, RH_PCCT_C_DY2
WHO 100 Core Health Indicators: Postnatal care coverage - newborn
MICS6 Indicator TM.13: Postnatal health check for the newborn.
Among the most recent live births in the 2 years preceding the survey, percent distribution by type of provider for the newborn’s first postnatal check during the first 2 days after birth.
Coverage:
Population base: Most recent live births of interviewed mothers in the 2 years preceding the survey (NR File)
Time period: Two years preceding the survey
Numerator:
Number of most recent live births in the 2 years preceding the survey, distributed by the type of provider for the first postnatal check for the newborn:
1) Doctor/nurse/midwife (m64/m68 = 11 or 12)
2) Auxiliary midwife (m64/m68 = 13)
3) Community health worker/fieldworker (m64/m68 = 22)
4) Traditional birth attendant (m64/m68 = 21)
5) No postnatal check during the first 2 days after the birth
Denominator: Number of most recent live births in the 2 years preceding the survey (m80 = 1 & p19 < 24)
Variables: NR file.
|
m80 |
Pregnancy outcome for this section |
|
p19 |
Months since pregnancy outcome |
|
m70 |
Baby postnatal check within 2 months |
|
m71 |
Time after delivery postnatal check took place |
|
m72 |
Person who performed postnatal checkup |
|
m74 |
Child's health checked before discharge |
|
m75 |
How long after delivery child’s health check took place |
|
m76 |
Who checked child health before discharge |
|
v005 |
Woman’s individual sample weight |
Numerator: For the most recent live birth in the 2 years preceding the survey (m80 = 1), if the newborn was checked before discharge (m74 = 1) or had a postnatal check within two months (m70 = 1):
· The type of provider before discharge is verified to ensure that it is a health provider (m76 in 10:29) and if so the timing of the check is taken from m75; otherwise
· The type of provider for the postnatal check is checked to ensure that it is a health provider (m72 in 10:29) and if so the timing of that check is taken from m71
If neither case is true it is considered that no postnatal check took place.
If the timing of the newborn’s postnatal check from m75 or m71 is in the range 0-71 hours (m75/m71 in 100:171), or is reported in hours but the number of hours was missing or “don’t know” (m75/m71 = 198 or 199), or timing was 2 days or less (m75/m71 in 200:202) then the postnatal care was considered as taking place during the first 2 days, otherwise is categorized as no postnatal check during the first 2 days.
Numerator divided by the denominator, multiplied by 100.
If the type of health provider is missing, the check is considered not to have been performed by a health provider and is treated as no check performed.
If the timing of the check is missing or “don’t know”, this is included in a separate category in the percent distribution.
For the postnatal check with the first 2 days, if the timing of the check is reported as in hours but is missing or “don’t know” (m75/m71 = 198 or 199), this is considered as within the first 2 days. If the timing of the check is reported in days but is missing or “don’t know” (m75/m71 = 298 or 299) or the reporting of hours or days is missing (m75/m71 = 998 or 999), this is considered as no postnatal check in the first 2 days.
Percent distribution adds up to 100 percent.
Postnatal check includes newborns who received a check from a doctor, midwife, nurse, community health worker, or traditional birth attendant. Other persons such as family members or friends are not included as postnatal checks.
The category “Did not received prenatal checkup” is included in the distribution. This category also includes newborns whose first postnatal checkup occurred 7 or more days after delivery.
This indicator has changed substantially over time. Prior to DHS-V (2003), the DHS survey did not ask separately about postnatal checks for the mother and for the newborn.
In DHS-V and DHS-VI (2003-2013), women who delivered in a facility were asked if their newborn’s health was checked before discharge and, if so, about the timing and provider giving performing the check. If they did not have a check before discharge, they were asked if the baby’s health was checked after discharge, as well as about the timing and provider of the first check. Women who delivered at home were also asked if their baby received a check, and about the timing and provider of the check. In DHS-V and DHS-VI, women who delivered in a health facility could only provide responses about a postnatal check for the newborn either before discharge or after discharge.
In DHS-7 (2013-2018), however, women who delivered in a facility were asked about a postnatal check both before and after discharge. Women’s responses about timing and provider of the baby’s check after discharge or among women who delivered at home are combined into one variable (m71 and 72).
In the calculation of the indicator, women’s report of the baby’s check prior to discharge is prioritized over the check after discharge or among women delivering at home.
In DHS-8, the reference time period for this indicator changed from 5 years to 2 years, reflecting a shorter time period asked about in the women’s questionnaire.
DHS-8 Tabulation plan: Table 9.15
API Indicator IDs:
RH_PCCP_C_DOC, RH_PCCP_C_NRS, RH_PCCP_C_CHW, RH_PCCP_C_OHW, RH_PCCP_C_TBA, RH_PCCP_C_DKM, RH_PCCP_C_NON
1) Among the most recent live births in the 2 years preceding the survey, percentage for whom each of the selected functions of the postnatal newborn care were performed during the first 2 days after birth.
2) Among the most recent live births in the 2 years preceding the survey, percentage for whom at least five signal functions of the newborn postnatal care were performed during the first 2 days after birth.
Coverage:
Population base: Most recent live births of interviewed mothers in the 2 years preceding the survey (NR File)
Time period: Two years preceding the survey
Numerators:
1) Numbers of most recent live births in the 2 years preceding the survey (m80 = 1) for whom a healthcare provider performed the selected function during the first 2 days after the birth:
a) Examined cord (m78a = 1)
b) Measured temperature (m78b = 1)
c) Mother told how to recognize if the baby needs immediate medical attention (m78c = 1)
d) Mother counseled on breastfeeding (m78d = 1)
e) Observed breastfeeding (m78e = 1)
f) Mother both counseled on breastfeeding and observed breastfeeding (m78d = 1 & m78e = 1)
g) Weighed (m19a in 1:2)
2) Number of most recent live births in the last 2 years where the newborn received 5 or more signal postnatal care functions within 2 days after birth (5 or more of the above list)
Denominator: Number of most recent live births in the 2 years preceding the survey (m80 = 1 & p19 < 24)
Variables: NR file.
|
m80 |
Pregnancy outcome for this section |
|
p19 |
Months since pregnancy outcome |
|
m19a |
Weight at birth/recall |
|
m78a |
During first 2 days health provider: examine cord |
|
m78b |
During first 2 days health provider: measure temperature |
|
m78c |
During first 2 days health provider: counsel on newborn dangers |
|
m78d |
During first 2 days health provider: counsel on breastfeeding |
|
m78e |
During first 2 days health provider: observe breastfeeding |
|
v005 |
Woman’s individual sample weight |
Numerator divided by the denominator, multiplied by 100.
Missing data or “Don’t know” responses on any of the signal functions are excluded from the numerator but included in the denominator.
Signal functions of the newborn postnatal care are 1) examining the umbilical cord, 2) measuring temperature, 3) observing and/or counseling on breastfeeding, 4) telling the mother about danger signs/how to recognize if the baby needs immediate attention, and 5) weighing. Corresponds to the definition of the five signal functions to assess the content of postnatal care for newborns described in Moran et al, 2013.
The category “Weighed” captures newborns who were weighed "at birth." May exclude some newborns were weighed during the 2 days after birth.
This is a relatively new indicator and is not available in surveys before DHS-7.
In DHS-8 this indicator was revised to ask about five signal functions instead of at least two as in DHS-7.
Carvajal–Aguirre, L., A. Amouzou, V. Mehra, M. Ziqi, N. Zaka, and H. Newby. 2017. “Gap between contact and content in maternal and newborn care: An analysis of data from 20 countries in sub–Saharan Africa.” Journal of global health, 7(2). https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29423178
Moran, A.C., K. Kerber, D. Sitrin, T. Guenther, C.S. Morrissey, H. Newby, J. Fishel, P.S. Yoder, Z. Hill and J.E. Lawn, 2013. “Measuring coverage in MNCH: indicators for global tracking of newborn care.” PLoS medicine, 10(5), p.e1001415. https://journals.plos.org/plosmedicine/article?id=10.1371/journal.pmed.1001415
World Health Organization. WHO recommendations on postnatal care of the mother and newborn. World Health Organization, 2014. https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/97603
DHS-8 Tabulation plan: Table 9.16
API Indicator IDs:
TBD
(API link TBD, STATcompiler link TBD)
MICS6 Indicator TM.11: Children weighed at birth
MICS6 Indicator TM.19: Postnatal care signal functions
1) Among the most recent live births in the 2 years preceding the survey, percentage of mother-newborn pairs where both the mother and newborn received a postnatal check during the first 2 days after birth.
2) Among the most recent live births in the 2 years preceding the survey, percentage of mother-newborn pairs where neither the mother nor the newborn received a postnatal check during the first 2 days after birth.
Coverage:
Population base: Most recent live births of interviewed mothers in the 2 years preceding the survey (NR File)
Time period: Two years preceding the survey
Numerator:
1) Number of most recent live births in the 2 years preceding the survey for whom both the mother and the newborn had a postnatal check during the first two days after birth
2) Number of most recent live births in the 2 years preceding the survey for whom neither the mother nor the newborn had a postnatal check during the first two days after birth
Denominator: Number of most recent live births in the 2 years preceding the survey (m80 = 1 & p19 < 24)
Variables: NR file.
|
m80 |
Pregnancy outcome for this section |
|
p19 |
Months since pregnancy outcome |
|
m62 |
Respondent’s health checked before discharge |
|
m63 |
How long after delivery respondent’s health check took place |
|
m64 |
Who checked respondent health before discharge |
|
m66 |
Respondent's health checked after discharge/delivery at home |
|
m67 |
How long after discharge/delivery at home respondent health check took place |
|
m68 |
Who checked respondent health after discharge/delivery at home |
|
m70 |
Baby postnatal check within 2 months |
|
m71 |
Time after delivery postnatal check took place |
|
m72 |
Person who performed postnatal checkup |
|
m74 |
Child's health checked before discharge |
|
m75 |
How long after delivery child’s health check took place |
|
m76 |
Who checked child health before discharge |
|
v005 |
Woman’s individual sample weight |
Numerator:
1) Both mother and newborn had a postnatal check within the first 2 days after birth
2) Neither mother nor newborn had a postnatal check within the first 2 days after birth
Mother:
For the most recent live birth in the 2 years preceding the survey (m80 = 1), if the respondent was checked after delivery (m62 = 1) or after discharge/delivery at home (m66 = 1):
· The type of provider before discharge is verified to ensure that it is a health provider (inclusive of all providers—skilled attendants as well as community health workers or traditional birth attendants—m64 in 10:29) and if so the timing of the check is taken from m63; otherwise
· The type of provider after discharge/delivery at home is verified to ensure that it is a health provider (m68 in 10:29) and if so the timing of that check is taken from m67.
If neither case is true it is considered that no postnatal check took place.
If the timing of the mother’s postnatal check from m63 or m67 is in the range 0-71 hours (m63/m67 in 100:171), or is reported in hours but the number of hours was missing or “don’t know” (m63/m67 = 198 or 199), or timing was 2 days or less (m63/m67 in 200:202) then the postnatal care was considered as taking place during the first 2 days, otherwise is categorized as no postnatal check during the first 2 days.
Newborn:
For the most recent live birth in the 2 years preceding the survey (m80 = 1), if the newborn was checked before discharge (m74 = 1) or had a postnatal check within two months (m70 = 1):
· The type of provider before discharge is verified to ensure that it is a health provider (m76 in 10:29) and if so the timing of the check is taken from m75; otherwise
· The type of provider for the postnatal check is checked to ensure that it is a health provider (m72 in 10:29) and if so the timing of that check is taken from m71
If neither case is true it is considered that no postnatal check took place.
If the timing of the newborn’s postnatal check from m75 or m71 is in the range 0-71 hours (m75/m71 in 100:171), or is reported in hours but the number of hours was missing or “don’t know” (m75/m71 = 198 or 199), or timing was 2 days or less (m75/m71 in 200:202) then the postnatal care was considered as taking place during the first 2 days, otherwise is categorized as no postnatal check during the first 2 days.
Numerator divided by the denominator, multiplied by 100.
If the type of health provider is missing, the check is considered not to have been performed by a health provider and is treated as no check performed.
For the postnatal check with the first 2 days, if the timing of the check is reported as in hours but is missing or “don’t know” (m75/m71 = 198 or 199), this is considered as within the first 2 days. If the timing of the check is reported in days but is missing or “don’t know” (m75/m71 = 298 or 299) or the reporting of hours or days is missing (m75/m71 = 998 or 999), this is considered as no postnatal check in the first 2 days.
Percent distribution adds up to 100 percent.
Postnatal check includes women and newborns who received a check from a doctor, midwife, nurse, community health worker, or traditional birth attendant. Other persons such as family members or friends are not included as postnatal checks.
DHS-8 Tabulation plan: Table 9.17
API Indicator IDs:
TBD
(API link TBD, STATcompiler link TBD)