1) Percent distribution of households and de jure population by type of sanitation facility
2) Percentage of households and de jure population using an improved sanitation facility.
3) Percentage of households and de jure population using an unimproved sanitation facility.
4) Percentage of households and de jure population using no facility – open defecation.
Coverage:
Population base:
a) Households (HR file)
b) De jure household population (HR file or PR file)
Time period: Current status at time of survey
Numerators:
1) Number of households or de jure population by type of sanitation facility (hv205)
2) Number of households or de jure population using an improved sanitation facility (hv205 in 11,12,13,15,21,22,41)
a) flush - to piped sewer system (hv205 = 11)
b) flush - to septic tank (hv205 = 12)
c) flush - to pit latrine (hv205 = 13)
d) flush - don't know where (hv205 = 15)
e) pit latrine - ventilated improved pit (VIP) (hv205 = 21)
f) pit latrine - with slab (hv205 = 22)
g) composting toilet (hv205 = 41)
3) Number of households or de jure population using an unimproved sanitation facility (hv205 in 14,23,42,43,96)
a) flush - to somewhere else (hv205 = 14)
b) pit latrine - without slab / open pit (hv205 = 23)
c) bucket toilet (hv205 = 42)
d) hanging toilet/latrine (hv205 = 43)
e) other (hv205 = 96)
4) Number of households or de jure population using open defecation (no facility/bush/field) (hv205 = 31)
Denominators:
a) Number of households
b) Number of de jure population (hv012 – see Calculation)
Variables: HR file, PR file.
|
hv012 |
Number of de jure members (if using HR file) |
|
hv102 |
Usual resident (if using PR file) |
|
hv205 |
Type of toilet facility |
|
hv005 |
Household sample weight |
Percent distribution of de jure population by type of sanitation facility can be calculated using the HR file and simply weighting the data by the sample weight (hv005/1000000) multiplied by the number of de jure household members (hv012). Alternatively, the PR file can be used, selecting the de jure members (hv102 = 1) and weighting just by the sample weight (hv005/1000000).
Numerator divided by denominator, multiplied by 100.
Households and population with missing information are included as separate categories.
Sanitation classifications for improved or unimproved are based on those defined by the WHO/UNICEF Joint Monitoring Programme (JMP) for Water Supply and Sanitation for the SDG monitoring period (see References).
Percent distribution adds up to 100 percent.
In 2017, the JMP changed the definition of improved sanitation to also include shared facilities and made explicit that facilities that flush/pour flush to an unknown location are considered improved. As of late 2018, these changes were implemented in DHS surveys. Before this was implemented, whether or not a facility is shared was used to distinguish improved sanitation from unimproved, and facilities that flush to an unknown location were categorized as unimproved facilities.
During the Millenium Development Goals (MDG) monitoring period, the JMP considered the following to be improved sanitation: non-shared facilities that flush/pour flush to piped sewer system, septic tank, or pit latrine; ventilated improved pit latrine, pit latrine with a slab, and composting toilet. Facilities that flushed to a known location but not to a sewer system, septic tank, or pit latrine (i.e., those that flush to “somewhere else”) were classified as unimproved. The coding of improved and unimproved sanitation was as follows:
· Improved sanitation (hv205 in 11,12,13,21,22,41 & hv225 = 0)
· Unimproved sanitation:
· Shared facility (hv205 in 11,12,13,21,22,41 & hv225 = 1)
· Unimproved facility (hv205 in 14,15,23,42,43,96)
· Open defecation (no facility/bush/field) (hv205 = 31)
World Health Organization (WHO) and the United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF). 2017. Progress on drinking water, sanitation and hygiene: 2017 update and SDG baselines. License: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO.
https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/258617
World Health Organization (WHO) and the United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF). 2018. JMP Methodology: 2017 Update & SDG Baselines
https://washdata.org/sites/default/files/documents/reports/2018-04/JMP-2017-update-methodology.pdf
World Health Organization. 2018. Global reference list of 100 core health indicators. Geneva: World Health Organization. License: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO. https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/2018-global-reference-list-of-100-core-health-indicators-(-plus-health-related-sdgs)
Core questions on drinking water, sanitation and hygiene for household surveys: 2018 update. New York: United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) and World Health Organization, 2018.
DHS-8 Tabulation plan: Table 16.6
API Indicator IDs:
Households
Improved sanitation facility:
WS_TLET_H_IMP, WS_TLET_H_FSW, WS_TLET_H_FSP, WS_TLET_H_FPT, WS_TLET_H_VIP, WS_TLET_H_PSL, WS_TLET_H_COM, WS_TLET_H_IMO
Unimproved sanitation facility:
WS_TLET_H_NIM, WS_TLET_H_NFL, WS_TLET_H_NPT, WS_TLET_H_NBK, WS_TLET_H_NHG, WS_TLET_H_OTH
Open defecation:
WS_TLET_H_NFC
De jure population
Improved sanitation facility:
WS_TLET_P_IMP, WS_TLET_P_FSW, WS_TLET_P_FSP, WS_TLET_P_FPT, WS_TLET_P_VIP, WS_TLET_P_PSL, WS_TLET_P_COM, WS_TLET_P_IMO
Unimproved sanitation facility:
WS_TLET_P_NIM, WS_TLET_P_NFL, WS_TLET_P_NPT, WS_TLET_P_NBK, WS_TLET_P_NHG, WS_TLET_P_OTH
Open defecation:
WS_TLET_P_NFC
WHO 100 Core Health Indicators: Population using safely managed sanitation services
MICS6 Indicator WS.8: Use of improved sanitation facilities
MICS6 Indicator WS.9: Use of basic sanitation services
SDG 1.4.1 Proportion of population living in households with access to basic services
SDG 6.2.1 Proportion of population using (a) safely managed sanitation services and (b) hand-washing facility with soap and water
Percent distribution of households and de jure population with a toilet/latrine facility by location of facility.
Coverage:
Population base:
a) Households (HR file)
b) De jure household population (HR file or PR file)
Time period: Current status at time of survey
Numerator: Number of households or de jure population with a toilet/latrine facility (hv205 ≠ 31) by location of facility (hv238a)
Denominators:
a) Number of households with a toilet/latrine facility (hv205 ≠ 31)
b) Number of de jure population in households with a toilet/latrine facility (hv205 ≠ 31 and use hv012 – see Calculation)
Variables: HR file, PR file.
|
hv012 |
Number of de jure members (if using HR file) |
|
hv102 |
Usual resident (if using PR file) |
|
hv205 |
Type of toilet facility |
|
hv238a |
Location of toilet facility |
|
hv005 |
Household sample weight |
Percent distribution of de jure population by location of facility can be calculated using the HR file and simply weighting the data by the sample weight (hv005/1000000) multiplied by the number of de jure household members (hv012). Alternatively, the PR file can be used, selecting the de jure members (hv102 = 1) and weighting just by the sample weight (hv005/1000000).
Numerator divided by denominator, multiplied by 100.
Households and population with missing information are included as separate categories.
Percent distribution adds up to 100 percent.
Information on the location of the facility was introduced in DHS-7.
World Health Organization (WHO) and the United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF). 2017. Progress on drinking water, sanitation and hygiene: 2017 update and SDG baselines. License: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO.
https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/258617
World Health Organization (WHO) and the United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF). 2018. JMP Methodology: 2017 Update & SDG Baselines
https://washdata.org/sites/default/files/documents/reports/2018-04/JMP-2017-update-methodology.pdf
Core questions on drinking water, sanitation and hygiene for household surveys: 2018 update. New York: United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) and World Health Organization, 2018.
DHS-8 Tabulation plan: Table 16.6
API Indicator IDs:
Households:
WS_TLOC_H_DWL, WS_TLOC_H_YRD, WS_TLOC_H_ELS, WS_TLOC_H_DKM
De jure population:
WS_TLOC_P_DWL, WS_TLOC_P_YRD, WS_TLOC_P_ELS, WS_TLOC_P_DKM
SDG 1.4.1 Proportion of population living in households with access to basic services
SDG 6.2.1 Proportion of population using (a) safely managed sanitation services and (b) hand-washing facility with soap and water
Percent distribution of de jure population by sanitation service ladder: basic service, limited service, unimproved, and open defecation
Coverage:
Population base: De jure household population (HR file or PR file)
Time period: Current status at time of survey
Numerators:
1) Number of de jure population with an improved sanitation facility (hv205 in 11:15,21,22,41) that is not shared with other households (hv225 = 0)
2) Number of de jure population with an improved sanitation facility (hv205 in 11:15,21,22,41) that is shared with other households (hv225 = 1)
3) Number of de jure population with an unimproved sanitation facility (hv205 = 14,23,42,43,96)
4) Number of de jure population using open defecation (hv205 = 31)
Denominator: Number of de jure population (hv012 – see Calculation)
Variables: HR file, PR file.
|
hv012 |
Number of de jure members (if using HR file) |
|
hv102 |
Usual resident (if using PR file) |
|
hv205 |
Type of toilet facility |
|
hv225 |
Share toilet with other households |
|
hv005 |
Household sample weight |
See Calculation for Percent distribution of households and de jure population by type of sanitation facility.
De jure population with a missing or “don’t know” response for sharing toilet with other households are included in the denominator and in the numerator as having a limited sanitation service if they are using an improved facility.
See Notes and Considerations for Percent distribution of households and de jure populations by sanitation facility.
Indicators on the percentage of household and de jure population with basic and limited sanitation service were added in September 2018 (DHS-7). See Changes over Time for Percent distribution of households and de jure populations by sanitation facility.
In DHS-8, the full sanitation service ladder was introduced to align better with JMP guidance; accordingly, the indicators are presented for the de jure population and not for households.
World Health Organization (WHO) and the United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF). 2021. Progress on household drinking water, sanitation and hygiene 2000‒2020: Five years into the SDGs.
https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789240030848
World Health Organization (WHO) and the United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF). 2018. JMP Methodology: 2017 Update & SDG Baselines
https://washdata.org/sites/default/files/documents/reports/2018-04/JMP-2017-update-methodology.pdf
World Health Organization. 2018. Global reference list of 100 core health indicators. Geneva: World Health Organization. License: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO. https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/2018-global-reference-list-of-100-core-health-indicators-(-plus-health-related-sdgs)
Core questions on drinking water, sanitation and hygiene for household surveys: 2018 update. New York: United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) and World Health Organization, 2018.
DHS-8 Tabulation plan: Table 16.7
API Indicator IDs:
Households:
WS_TLET_H_BAS, WS_TLET_H_LTD
De jure population:
WS_TLET_P_BAS, WS_TLET_P_LTD
WHO 100 Core Health Indicators: Population using safely managed sanitation services
MICS6 Indicator WS.8: Use of improved sanitation facilities
MICS6 Indicator WS.9: Use of basic sanitation services
SDG 1.4.1 Proportion of population living in households with access to basic services
SDG 6.2.1 Proportion of population using (a) safely managed sanitation services and (b) hand-washing facility with soap and water