Foods and Liquids Consumed by Women
Percentage of women age 15-49 consuming specific types of foods and liquids in the day or night before the interview.
Coverage:
Population base: Women age 15-49 years (IR file)
Time period: Previous day or night preceding the interview
Numerators:
Number of women age 15-49 who consumed the specific foods and liquids:
1) Food made from grains (v472e = 1)
2) White/pale starchy roots, tubers, and plantains (v472f = 1)
3) Beans, peas, lentils (v472o = 1)
4) Nuts, and seeds (v472c = 1)
5) Milk, cheese, and yogurt other milk products (v472p = 1)
6) Meat, fish, poultry, organ meats (v472m = 1 or v472n = 1 or v472b = 1 or v472h = 1)
7) Eggs (v472g = 1)
8) Dark green leafy vegetables (v472j = 1)
9) Other vitamin A rich fruits and vegetables (v472i = 1 or v472k = 1)
10) Other vegetables (v472a = 1)
11) Other fruits (v472l = 1)
12) Insects and other small protein foods (v472d = 1)
13) Red palm oil (v472u = 1)
14) Sweet foods such as chocolates, candies, pastries, cakes, biscuits, ice cream, popsicles (v472r = 1 or v472w = 1)
15) Fried and salty foods such as chips, crisps, puffs, French fries, fried dough (v472t = 1)
16) Fruit juice and fruit-flavored drinks (v471e = 1)
17) Sodas, malt drinks, sports drinks, and energy drinks (v472d = 1)
18) Sweetened tea, coffee, herbal drinks and other sweetened beverages (v472v = 1 & v471cs = 1)
Denominator: Number of women age 15-49.
Variables: IR file.
|
v471a |
Woman had tinned, powdered or fresh milk |
|
v471b |
Woman had tea or coffee |
|
v471c |
Woman had any other liquid |
|
v471cs |
Woman had other liquid - sweetened |
|
v471d |
Woman had sodas/malt/sports/energy drinks |
|
v471e |
Woman had fruit juice, fruit-flavored drinks |
|
v471f |
Woman had CS liquid |
|
v471g |
Woman had CS liquid |
|
v471h |
Woman had CS liquid |
|
v471i |
Woman had CS liquid |
|
v472a |
Woman had other vegetables |
|
v472b |
Woman had sausages, hot dogs, frankfurters, ham, bacon, salami, canned food |
|
v472c |
Woman had nuts, seeds |
|
v472d |
Woman had any insects |
|
v472e |
Woman had porridge, bread, rice, noodles, pasta |
|
v472f |
Woman had plantains, white potatoes, yams, manioc, cassava, or other tubers |
|
v472g |
Woman had eggs |
|
v472h |
Woman had any other meat (beef, pork, lamb, chicken, etc.) |
|
v472i |
Woman had pumpkin, carrots, squash, sweet potatoes (yellow or orange inside) |
|
v472j |
Woman had any dark green leafy vegetables |
|
v472k |
Woman had mangoes, papayas, other vitamin A fruits |
|
v472l |
Woman had any other fruits |
|
v472m |
Woman had liver, heart, other organs |
|
v472n |
Woman had fish or shellfish |
|
v472o |
Woman had food made from beans, peas, lentils |
|
v472p |
Woman had cheese, yogurt, other milk products |
|
v472q |
Woman had oil, fats, butter, products made of them |
|
v472r |
Woman had sweet foods, chocolates, candies, pastries, cakes, ice cream, etc. |
|
v472s |
Woman had any other food |
|
v472t |
Woman had chips, crisps, French fries, fried dough, instant noodles |
|
v472u |
Woman had red palm oil |
|
v472v |
Woman had sweetened tea, coffee or herbal drinks |
|
v472w |
Woman had [COMMON SENTINEL SWEET FOOD] |
|
v472wa |
Woman had CS foods |
|
v472wb |
Woman had CS foods |
|
v472wc |
Woman had CS foods |
|
v472wd |
Woman had CS foods |
|
v472we |
Woman had CS foods |
|
v005 |
Women’s individual sample weight |
Based on DHS-8 standard questionnaires. Other variables may be needed if additional survey-specific liquids and foods are included.
Numerator divided by denominator, multiplied by 100.
Specific beverages and foods: Missing values and “don’t know” excluded from numerators in all percentages but included in denominators.
Country-specific liquids and foods may be added to each category.
The groupings of types of foods have changed over time. In DHS-V surveys and early DHS-VI surveys, cheese/yogurt; fruits and vegetables rich in vitamin A; and meat, fish, shellfish and poultry, and eggs were grouped together, respectively. Sugary foods, such as chocolates, sweets, candies, pastries, cakes of biscuits were also presented in DHS-V surveys and early DHS-VI surveys.
Other food groups reported in DHS-V and early DHS-VI surveys include food made with oil, fat, or butter; any other solid or semi-solid food; fresh milk; tea and coffee; and other liquids. These changes should be taken into consideration when comparing results with the surveys reports.
DHS-8 Tabulation plan: Tables 11.15
API Indicator IDs:
TBD
(API link TBD, STATcompiler link TBD)
Percentage of women age 15-49 who consumed:
1) Foods from at least of 5 out of 10 food groups during the previous day or night:
a) Grains, white/pale starchy roots, tubers, and plantains
b) Pulses
c) Nuts and seeds
d) Dairy (milk, cheese, yogurt, other milk products)
e) Flesh foods (meat, fish, poultry and liver/organ meats)
f) Eggs
g) Dark green leafy vegetables
h) Vitamin A rich fruits and vegetables
i) Other vegetables
j) Other fruits
2) Sweet beverages during the previous day or night
3) Selected sentinel unhealthy foods during the previous day or night
Coverage:
Population base: Women age 15-49 years (IR file)
Time period: Previous day or night before the survey
Numerators:
Number of women age 15-49 who consumed:
1) Foods from at least of 5 or more of the following 10 food groups during the previous day or night preceding the interview:
a) Grains, white/pale starchy roots, tubers, and plantains (v472e = 1 or v472f = 1)
b) Pulses (v472o = 1)
c) Nuts and seeds (v472n = 1)
d) Dairy (milk, cheese, yogurt, other milk products) (v472p = 1)
e) Flesh foods (meat, fish, poultry and liver/organ meats) (v472m = 1 or v472n = 1 or v472b = 1 or v472h = 1)
f) Eggs (v472g = 1)
g) Dark green leafy vegetables (v472j = 1)
h) Vitamin A rich fruits and vegetables (v472i = 1 or v472k = 1)
i) Other vegetables (v472a = 1)
j) Other fruits (v472l = 1)
2) Sweet beverages during the previous day or night preceding the interview (v471e = 1 or v471d = 1 or v472v = 1 or v471cs = 1)
3) Selected sentinel unhealthy foods during the previous day or night preceding the interview (v472r = 1 or v472t = 1 or v472w = 1)
Denominators: Number of women age 15-49.
Variables: IR file.
|
v471a |
Woman had tinned, powdered or fresh milk |
|
v471b |
Woman had tea or coffee |
|
v471c |
Woman had any other liquid |
|
v471cs |
Woman had other liquid - sweetened |
|
v471d |
Woman had sodas/malt/sports/energy drinks |
|
v471e |
Woman had fruit juice, fruit-flavored drinks |
|
v471f |
Woman had CS liquid |
|
v471g |
Woman had CS liquid |
|
v471h |
Woman had CS liquid |
|
v471i |
Woman had CS liquid |
|
v472a |
Woman had other vegetables |
|
v472b |
Woman had sausages, hot dogs, frankfurters, ham, bacon, salami, canned food |
|
v472c |
Woman had nuts, seeds |
|
v472d |
Woman had any insects |
|
v472e |
Woman had porridge, bread, rice, noodles, pasta |
|
v472f |
Woman had plantains, white potatoes, yams, manioc, cassava, or other tubers |
|
v472g |
Woman had eggs |
|
v472h |
Woman had any other meat (beef, pork, lamb, chicken, etc.) |
|
v472i |
Woman had pumpkin, carrots, squash, sweet potatoes (yellow or orange inside) |
|
v472j |
Woman had any dark green leafy vegetables |
|
v472k |
Woman had mangoes, papayas, other vitamin A fruits |
|
v472l |
Woman had any other fruits |
|
v472m |
Woman had liver, heart, other organs |
|
v472n |
Woman had fish or shellfish |
|
v472o |
Woman had food made from beans, peas, lentils |
|
v472p |
Woman had cheese, yogurt, other milk products |
|
v472q |
Woman had oil, fats, butter, products made of them |
|
v472r |
Woman had sweet foods, chocolates, candies, pastries, cakes, ice cream, etc. |
|
v472s |
Woman had any other food |
|
v472t |
Woman had chips, crisps, French fries, fried dough, instant noodles |
|
v472u |
Woman had red palm oil |
|
v472v |
Woman had sweetened tea, coffee or herbal drinks |
|
v472w |
Woman had [COMMON SENTINEL SWEET FOOD] |
|
v472wa |
Woman had CS foods |
|
v472wb |
Woman had CS foods |
|
v472wc |
Woman had CS foods |
|
v472wd |
Woman had CS foods |
|
v472we |
Woman had CS foods |
|
v005 |
Women’s individual sample weight |
Based on DHS-8 standard questionnaires. Other variables may be needed if additional survey-specific liquids and foods are included.
Numerator divided by denominator, multiplied by 100.
Specific beverages and foods: Missing values and “don’t know” excluded from numerators in all percentages but included in denominators.
Country-specific beverages or foods may be added to each category.
In some DHS-V and early DHS-VI surveys, Women’s Dietary Diversity Score (WDDS) was used to assess women’s diet diversity. The Women’s Dietary Diversity Score indicator is a proxy for micronutrient adequacy and is based on nine food groups.
In late DHS-VI and in DHS-7 surveys, information on women’s diet diversity was not routinely collected.
In DHS-8 surveys, women’s diet diversity is assessed by the Minimum Dietary Diversity for Women (MDD-W) indicator (FAO 2021). The indicator is a proxy for micronutrient adequacy and is based on 10 food groups. Despite MDD-W and WDDS both being proxies for micronutrient adequacy, they are two different indicators and cannot be directly compared. Therefore, caution should be observed when comparing the results from DHS-8 surveys with earlier surveys.
FAO. 2021. Minimum Dietary Diversity for Women. Rome: FAO. https://di.org/10.4060/cb3434en
WHO. 2013. Global Action Plan for the Prevention and Control of Noncommunicable Diseases 2013-2020. Geneva: World Health Organization. https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789241506236
DHS-8 Tabulation plan: Table 11.15
API Indicator IDs:
TBD
(API link TBD, STATcompiler link TBD)