1) Percentage of de jure population with basic service, which is drinking water from an improved source, provided either water is on the premises or round-trip collection time is 30 minutes or less.
2) Percentage of de jure population with limited service, which is drinking water from an improved source, provided round-trip collection time is more than 30 minutes or is unknown.
3) Percentage of de jure population with unimproved service, which is drinking water from an unprotected dug well or unprotected spring.
4) Percentage of de jure population with surface water as drinking water.
Coverage:
Population base: De jure household population (HR file or PR file)
Time period: Current status at time of survey
Numerators:
1) Number of de jure population (HR file: hv012; PR file: hv201 = 1) with an improved source of drinking water (hv201 in 11:14,21,31,41,51,61,62,71), provided either water is on the premises or roundtrip collection time is 30 minutes or less (hv204 in 0:30 or hv204 = 996)
2) Number of de jure population (hv201 = 1) with an improved source of drinking water (hv201 in 11:14,21,31,41,51,61,62,71), provided round-trip collection time more than 30 minutes (hv204 in 31:900, 998)
3) Number of de jure population (hv201 = 1) with an unimproved source of drinking water (hv201 = 32, 42, 96) but excluding surface water (hv201 = 43)
4) Number of de jure population (hv201 = 1) whose source of drinking water is surface water (hv201 = 43)
Denominator: Number of de jure population (hv012 – see Calculation)
Variables: HR file, PR file.
|
hv012 |
Number of de jure members (if using HR file) |
|
hv102 |
Usual resident (if using PR file) |
|
hv201 |
Source of drinking water |
|
hv204 |
Time to get to water source (minutes) |
|
hv005 |
Household sample weight |
See Calculation for Percent distribution of households and de jure population by source of drinking water and Percent distribution of households and de jure population by time to obtain drinking water.
Percent distribution adds up to 100 percent.
De jure population with a missing or “don’t know” response for time to water source are included in the denominator but are not counted as having basic service; if de jure population uses an improved source and the collection time is missing or is “don’t know”, they are counted as having limited service.
Drinking water source classifications improved and unimproved are based on those defined by the WHO/UNICEF Joint Monitoring Programme (JMP) for Water Supply and Sanitation during the Millenium Development Goals (MDG) monitoring period.
See Notes and Considerations for Percent distribution of households and de jure populations source of drinking water and Percent distribution of households and de jure population by time to obtain drinking water.
Indicators on the percentage of household and de jure population with basic and limited drinking water service were added in September 2018 (DHS-7). See Changes over Time for Percent distribution of households and de jure populations source of drinking water and Percent distribution of households and de jure population by time to obtain drinking water.
In DHS-8, the full drinking water service ladder was introduced to align better with JMP guidance; accordingly, the indicators are presented for the de jure population and not for households.
World Health Organization (WHO) and the United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF). 2021. Progress on household drinking water, sanitation and hygiene 2000‒2020: Five years into the SDGs.
http://www.who.int/water_sanitation_health/publications/jmp-2017/en/
World Health Organization (WHO) and the United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF). 2018. JMP Methodology: 2017 Update & SDG Baselines
https://washdata.org/sites/default/files/documents/reports/2018-04/JMP-2017-update-methodology.pdf
World Health Organization. 2018. Global reference list of 100 core health indicators. Geneva: World Health Organization. License: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO. https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/2018-global-reference-list-of-100-core-health-indicators-(-plus-health-related-sdgs)
Core questions on drinking water, sanitation and hygiene for household surveys: 2018 update. New York: United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) and World Health Organization, 2018.
DHS-8 Tabulation plan: Table 16.2
API Indicator IDs:
Households:
WS_SRCE_H_BAS, WS_SRCE_H_LTD
De jure population:
WS_SRCE_P_BAS, WS_SRCE_P_LTD
WHO 100 Core Health Indicators: Population using safely managed drinking water services
MICS6 Indicator WS.1: Use of improved drinking water sources
MICS6 Indicator WS.2: Use of basic drinking water services
SDG 1.4.1 Proportion of population living in households with access to basic services
SDG 6.1.1 Proportion of population using safely managed drinking water services