1) Percentage of currently married women age 15-49 who usually make all three specific decisions either alone or jointly with their husband for:
a) Own health care.
b) Large household purchases.
c) Visits to family or relatives.
2) Percentage of currently married women age 15-49 who disagree with all of the specific reasons justifying wife-beating:
a) Burning food.
b) Arguing with him.
c) Going out without telling him.
d) Neglecting the children.
e) Refusing to have sexual intercourse with him.
Coverage:
Population base: Currently married women age 15-49 (IR file, MR file)
Time period: Current status at time of survey
Numerators:
1) Number of currently married women age 15-49 who usually make specific decisions alone or jointly with their husband for:
a) Own health care (v743a in 1:2), and
b) Large household purchases (v743b in 1:2), and
c) Visits to family or relatives (v743d in 1:2)
2) Number of currently married women age 15-49 (v502 = 1) who disagree with all of the specific reasons justifying wife-beating:
a) Burning food (v744e ≠ 1), and
b) Arguing with him (v744c ≠ 1), and
c) Going out without telling him (v744a ≠ 1), and
d) Neglecting the children (v744b ≠ 1), and
e) Refusing to have sexual intercourse with him (v744d ≠ 1)
Denominator: Number of currently married women age 15-49 (v502 = 1)
Variables: IR file.
|
v502 |
Currently/formerly/never in union |
|
v743a |
Person who usually decides on respondent's health care |
|
v743b |
Person who usually decides on large household purchases |
|
v743d |
Person who usually decides on visits to family or relatives |
|
v744a |
Beating justified if wife goes out without telling husband |
|
v744b |
Beating justified if wife neglects the children |
|
v744c |
Beating justified if wife argues with husband |
|
v744d |
Beating justified if wife refuses to have sex with husband |
|
v744e |
Beating justified if wife burns the food |
|
v005 |
Women's sample weight |
Numerator divided by the denominator multiplied by 100.
Missing values on who usually make specific decisions are assumed to be someone other than the respondent and are excluded from the numerators. Missing values on attitudes towards wife beating are assumed to not be agreeing and are included in the numerators and the denominator.
See Notes and Considerations for Participation in Decision Making and Attitude towards Wife Beating.
See Changes over Time for Participation in Decision Making and Attitude towards Wife Beating.
Kishor, S., and L. Subaiya. 2008. Understanding Women’s Empowerment: A Comparative Analysis of Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) Data. DHS Comparative Reports No. 20. Calverton, Maryland, USA: Macro International Inc. https://dhsprogram.com/publications/publication-cr20-comparative-reports.cfm
Ewerling, F., F. C. Wehrmeister, C. G. Victora, A. Raj, L. McDougal, and A. J. Barros. 2021. "Is Women’s Empowerment Associated with Coverage of Rmnch Interventions in Low-and Middle-Income Countries? An Analysis Using a Survey-Based Empowerment Indicator, the Swper." Journal of Global Health 11. https://doi.org/10.7189/jogh.11.04015.
Upadhyay, U. D., J. D. Gipson, M. Withers, S. Lewis, E. J. Ciaraldi, A. Fraser, M. J. Huchko, and N. Prata. 2014. "Women's Empowerment and Fertility: A Review of the Literature." Social Science & Medicine 115: 111-120. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2014.06.014.
DHS-8 Tabulation plan: Table 15.13W
API Indicator IDs:
WE_WEMP_W_DWB, WE_DMAK_W_3DC
Percentage of currently married women age 15-49 who usually makes decisions about own healthcare, either alone or jointly, and can say no to their husband if they do not want to have sexual intercourse, and makes the decision, either alone or jointly, whether or not to use contraception.
Coverage:
Population base: Currently married women age 15-49 (IR file)
Time period: Current status at time of survey
Numerator:
Number of currently married women age 15-49 who:
1) usually make specific decisions alone or jointly with their husband for own health care (v743a in 1:2), and
2) can say no to their husband if they do not want to have sexual intercourse (v502 = 1 & v850a = 1), and
3) usually makes the decision, either alone or jointly to use contraception or not (v632 = 1,3)
Denominator: Number of currently married women age 15-49 (v502 = 1)
Variables: IR file.
|
v502 |
Currently/formerly/never in union |
|
v743a |
Person who usually makes decisions about: respondent's health care |
|
v850a |
Respondent can refuse sex |
|
v632 |
Decision maker for using contraception or not |
|
v005 |
Women's sample weight |
Numerators divided by the denominator multiplied by 100.
Missing values on who usually make specific decisions are assumed to be someone other than the respondent and are excluded from the numerators.
See Notes and Considerations for Participation in Decision Making and Ability to Negotiate Sexual Relations with Husband.
See Changes over Time for Participation in Decision Making and Ability to Negotiate Sexual Relations with Husband.
Prior to about 2000, decision maker for using contraception was not collected from women who were using contraception.
MacQuarrie, K. L. D., and A. Aziz. 2022. "Women's Decision-Making and Contraceptive Use in Pakistan: An Analysis of Demographic and Health Survey Data." Sexual and Reproductive Health Matters 29 (2). https://doi.org/10.1080/26410397.2021.2020953.
DHS-8 Tabulation plan: Table 15.12
API Indicator IDs:
WE_IDMH_W_RSX, WE_IDMH_W_CUS, WE_IDMH_W_HLC, WE_IDMH_W_RCH