1) Percentage of women and men age 15-49 who know that people can reduce the risk of getting HIV by using condoms every time they have sexual intercourse.
2) Percentage of women and men age 15-49 who know that people can reduce the risk of getting HIV by limiting sexual intercourse to one partner who is not infected and has no other partners.
3) Percentage of women and men age 15-49 who know that people can reduce the risk of getting HIV by using condoms every time they have sexual intercourse and by limiting sexual intercourse to one partner who is not infected and has no other partners.
Coverage:
Population base: Women and men age 15-49 (IR file, MR file)
Time period: Current status at time of survey
Numerators:
1) Number of women (or men) age 15-49 who respond “Yes” that people can reduce the risk of getting HIV by using a condom every time they have sex (women: v754cp = 1; men: mv754cp = 1)
2) Number of women (or men) age 15-49 who respond “Yes” that people can reduce the risk of getting HIV by having just one uninfected sex partner who has no other sex partners (women: v754dp = 1; men: mv754dp = 1)
3) Number of women (or men) age 15-49 who respond “Yes” to both of the above questions (women: v754cp = 1 & v754dp = 1; men: mv754cp = 1 & mv754dp = 1)
Denominator: Number of women (or men) age 15-49
Variables: IR file, MR file.
|
v012 |
Current age (women) |
|
v754cp |
Reduce risk of getting HIV: always use condoms during sex (women) |
|
v754dp |
Reduce risk of getting HIV: have 1 sex partner only, who has no other partners (women) |
|
v005 |
Woman’s individual sample weight |
|
mv012 |
Current age (men) |
|
mv754cp |
Reduce risk of getting HIV: always use condoms during sex (men) |
|
mv754dp |
Reduce risk of getting HIV: have 1 sex partner only, who has no other partners (men) |
|
mv005 |
Man’s individual sample weight |
The numerator divided by the denominator, expressed as a percentage. If a respondent has not heard of HIV, they are included in the denominator but excluded from the numerator.
Missing values are assumed to reflect a lack of knowledge about HIV or AIDS and are therefore not included in the numerator. Respondents can also indicate “don’t know” which is treated as a lack of knowledge. Note that women and men who have not heard of HIV or AIDS are not asked these questions but are still included in the denominator; if they have not heard of HIV/AIDS they are assumed not to have this knowledge.
Previous questionnaires used the term “AIDS virus” to refer to HIV because research had indicated that respondents were less familiar with the term “HIV”. This has changed in recent years as knowledge of HIV/AIDS has improved and treatment has led to many more cases of HIV than AIDS. The respondent is first asked if they have heard of HIV or AIDS. If the respondent says yes, the interviewer says “HIV is the virus that can lead to AIDS” and then asks a series of knowledge questions about HIV.
In DHS-8, these questions are now only asked of women and men age 15-24. Previous surveys included women and men age 15-49. See Percentage of young women and men with knowledge about HIV prevention.
Wang, W., S. Alva, and S. Wang. 2012. HIV-Related Knowledge and Behaviors among People Living with HIV in Eight High HIV Prevalence Countries in Sub-Saharan Africa. DHS Analytical Studies No. 29. Calverton, Maryland, USA: ICF International https://dhsprogram.com/publications/publication-AS29-Analytical-Studies.cfm
DHS-8 Tabulation plan: No longer presented in DHS reports.
API Indicator IDs:
Women:
HA_KHVP_W_CND, HA_KHVP_W_SX1, HA_KHVP_W_CS1
Men:
HA_KHVP_M_CND, HA_KHVP_M_SX1, HA_KHVP_M_CS1
1) Percentage of women and men age 15-49 who know that a healthy looking person can have HIV.
2) Percentage of women and men age 15-49 who know that HIV cannot be transmitted by mosquito bites.
3) Percentage of women and men age 15-49 who know that HIV cannot be transmitted by supernatural means.
4) Percentage of women and men age 15-49 who know that a person cannot become infected by sharing food with a person who has HIV.
5) Percentage of women and men age 15-49 who say that a healthy-looking person can have HIV and who reject the two most common local misconceptions.
Indicators 2, 3 and 4 are survey-specific and may refer to other local misconceptions.
Coverage:
Population base: Women and men age 15-49 (IR file, MR file)
Time period: Current status at time of survey
Numerators:
Number of women (or men) age 15-49 who indicate that they:
1) Know that a healthy-looking person can have HIV (women: v756 = 1; men: mv756 = 1)
2) Know that HIV cannot be transmitted by mosquito bites (women: v754jp = 0; men: mv754jp = 0)
3) Know that HIV cannot be transmitted by supernatural means (women: v823 = 0; men: mv823 = 0)
4) Know that a person cannot become infected by sharing food with a person who has HIV (women: v754wp = 0; men: mv754wp = 0)
5) Know that a healthy-looking person can have HIV (see Numerator 1 above) and reject the two most common local misconceptions about HIV transmission or prevention (these two most common misconceptions are footnoted in DHS 7 table 13.2). Survey specific but typically two of the following three (see Calculation below):
a) HIV cannot be transmitted by mosquito bites (women: v754jp = 0; men: mv754jp = 0).
b) HIV cannot be transmitted by supernatural means (women: v823 = 0; men: mv823 = 0).
c) A person cannot become infected by sharing food with a person who has HIV (women: v754wp = 0; men: mv754wp = 0)
Denominator: Number of women (or men) age 15-49
Variables: IR file, MR file.
|
v012 |
Current age (women) |
|
v756 |
A healthy looking person can have HIV (women) |
|
v754jp |
Can get HIV from mosquito bites (women) |
|
v754wp |
Can get HIV by sharing food with person who has HIV (women) |
|
v823 |
Can get HIV by witchcraft or supernatural means (women) |
|
v005 |
Woman’s individual sample weight |
|
mv012 |
Current age (men) |
|
mv756 |
A healthy looking person can have HIV (men) |
|
mv754jp |
Can get HIV from mosquito bites (men) |
|
mv754wp |
Can get HIV by sharing food with person who has HIV (men) |
|
mv823 |
Can get HIV by witchcraft or supernatural means (men) |
|
mv005 |
Man’s individual sample weight |
The numerator divided by the denominator, expressed as a percentage. If a respondent has not heard of HIV, they are included in the denominator but excluded from the numerator.
Misconceptions are incorrect beliefs about modes of transmission—believing that HIV can be transmitted in ways it cannot be transmitted. For DHS-7 surveys and earlier, calculation of the two most common misconceptions is based on a working table including frequencies of responses of women and men on each misconception question included in the questionnaire. If men are interviewed in a subsample of households, the male cases are inflated by the inverse of the sub-sample proportion to produce frequencies for women and men combined. The most common misconceptions are those to which the greatest percentage of women and men respond “Yes”, meaning they believe HIV can be transmitted through the false mode stated in the question. The misconceptions were survey specific, but typically included:
· HIV can be transmitted by mosquito bites.
· HIV can be transmitted by supernatural means.
· A person can become infected by sharing food with a person who has HIV.
Missing values are assumed to reflect a lack of knowledge about HIV or AIDS and are therefore not included in the numerator. Respondents can also indicate “don’t know” which is treated as a lack of knowledge. Note that women and men who have not heard of HIV or AIDS are not asked these questions but are still included in the denominator; if they have not heard of HIV/AIDS they are assumed not to have this knowledge.
The language used in this series of questions has changed in recent years to refer to “HIV” rather than “the AIDS virus” (see Changes over Time under Knowledge of HIV Prevention Methods.)
In DHS-8, these questions are now only asked of women and men age 15-24. Previous surveys included women and men age 15-49. See Percentage of young women and men with knowledge about HIV prevention.
Bankole, A., S. Singh, V. Woog, and D. Wulf. 2004. "Risk and protection: youth and HIV/AIDS in sub-Saharan Africa.”. https://www.guttmacher.org/news-release/2004/new-resource-documents-hiv-risk-and-protection-african-youth
Wang, W., S. Alva, and S. Wang. 2012. HIV-Related Knowledge and Behaviors among People Living with HIV in Eight High HIV Prevalence Countries in Sub-Saharan Africa. DHS Analytical Studies No. 29. Calverton, Maryland, USA: ICF International https://dhsprogram.com/publications/publication-AS29-Analytical-Studies.cfm
DHS-8 Tabulation plan: No longer presented in DHS reports.
API Indicator IDs:
Women:
HA_CKNA_W_HLT, HA_CKNA_W_MOS, HA_CKNA_W_SUP, HA_CKNA_W_SHR, HA_CKNA_W_REJ
Men:
HA_CKNA_M_HLT, HA_CKNA_M_MOS, HA_CKNA_M_SUP, HA_CKNA_M_SHR, HA_CKNA_M_REJ
Percentage of young women and young men age 15-24 who know that:
1) Know that using a condom every time they have sex can reduce the risk of getting HIV; and
2) Know that having just one uninfected faithful partner can reduce the risk of getting HIV; and
3) Know that a healthy-looking person can have HIV; and
4) Know that HIV cannot be transmitted by mosquito bites; and
5) Know that HIV cannot be transmitted by sharing food with someone who has HIV.
6) Percentage of young women and young men age 15-24 with knowledge about HIV prevention which is defined as:
a) Knowing that using a condom every time they have sex can reduce the risk of getting HIV; and
b) Knowing that having just one uninfected faithful partner can reduce the risk of getting HIV; and
c) Knowing that a healthy-looking person can have HIV; and
d) Knowing that HIV cannot be transmitted by mosquito bites; and
e) Knowing that HIV cannot be transmitted by sharing food with someone who has HIV.
Coverage:
Population base: Women and men age 15-24 (IR file, MR file)
Time period: Current status at time of survey
Numerators:
Number of women (or men) age 15-24 who indicate that they:
1) Know that using a condom every time they have sex can reduce the risk of getting HIV (women: v754cp = 1; men: mv754cp = 1)
2) Know that having just one uninfected faithful partner can reduce the risk of getting HIV (women: v754dp = 1; men: mv754dp = 1)
3) Know that a healthy-looking person can have HIV (women: v756 = 1; men: mv756 = 1)
4) Know that HIV cannot be transmitted by mosquito bites (women: v754jp = 0; men: mv754jp = 0)
5) Know that a person cannot become infected by sharing food with a person who has HIV (women: v754wp = 0; men: mv754wp = 0)
6) Know that using a condom every time they have sex can reduce the risk of getting HIV AND know that having just one uninfected faithful partner can reduce the risk of getting HIV AND know that a healthy-looking person can have HIV AND know that HIV cannot be transmitted by mosquito bites AND know that a person cannot become infected by sharing food with a person who has HIV (women: v754cp = 1 & v754dp = 1 & v754jp = 0 & v754wp = 0 & v756 = 1; men: mv754cp = 1 & mv754dp = 1 & mv754jp = 0 & mv754wp = 0 & mv756 = 1)
Denominators:
Number or young women (or men) age 15-24 (women: v012 in 15:24; men: mv012 in 15:24)
Variables: IR file, MR file.
|
v012 |
Current age (women) |
|
v754cp |
Reduce risk of getting HIV: always use condoms during sex (women) |
|
v754dp |
Reduce risk of getting HIV: have 1 sex partner only, who has no other partners (women) |
|
v756 |
A healthy looking person can have HIV (women) |
|
v754jp |
Can get HIV from mosquito bites (women) |
|
v754wp |
Can get HIV by sharing food with person who has HIV (women) |
|
v823 |
Can get HIV by witchcraft or supernatural means (women) |
|
v005 |
Woman’s individual sample weight |
|
mv012 |
Current age (men) |
|
mv754cp |
Reduce risk of getting HIV: always use condoms during sex (men) |
|
mv754dp |
Reduce risk of getting HIV: have 1 sex partner only, who has no other partners (men) |
|
mv756 |
A healthy looking person can have HIV (men) |
|
mv754jp |
Can get HIV from mosquito bites (men) |
|
mv754wp |
Can get HIV by sharing food with person who has HIV (men) |
|
mv823 |
Can get HIV by witchcraft or supernatural means (men) |
|
mv005 |
Man’s individual sample weight |
The numerator divided by the denominator, expressed as a percentage. If a respondent has not heard of HIV, they are included in the denominator but excluded from the numerator.
Misconceptions are incorrect beliefs about modes of transmission—believing that HIV can be transmitted in ways it cannot be transmitted. In DHS-7 surveys and earlier, calculation of the two most common misconceptions is based on a working table including frequencies of responses of women and men on each misconception question included in the questionnaire. If men are interviewed in a subsample of households, the male cases are inflated by the inverse of the sub-sample proportion to produce frequencies for women and men combined. The most common misconceptions are those to which the greatest percentage of women and men respond “Yes”, meaning they believe HIV can be transmitted through the false mode stated in the question. The misconceptions are survey specific, but typically include:
· HIV can be transmitted by mosquito bites.
· HIV can be transmitted by supernatural means.
· A person can become infected by sharing food with a person who has HIV.
Missing values are assumed to reflect a lack of knowledge about HIV or AIDS and are therefore not included in the numerator. Respondents can also indicate “don’t know” which is treated as a lack of knowledge. Note that women and men who have not heard of HIV or AIDS are not asked these questions but are still included in the denominator; if they have not heard of HIV/AIDS they are assumed not to have this knowledge.
The language used in this series of questions has changed in recent years to refer to “HIV” rather than “the AIDS virus” (see Changes over Time under Knowledge of HIV Prevention Methods .)
As of DHS-8, the common misconceptions have been standardized across countries to be can HIV be transmitted by mosquito bites and by sharing food with a person who has HIV. In addition, this indicator was restricted to young people age 15-24. Previous surveys included women and men age 15-49.
UNAIDS. 2017. Global AIDS Monitoring 2018: Indicators for monitoring the 2016 United Nations Political Declaration on Ending. http://www.unaids.org/en/resources/documents/2018/Global-AIDS-Monitoring (page 102).
Wang, W., S. Alva, and S. Wang. 2012. HIV-Related Knowledge and Behaviors among People Living with HIV in Eight High HIV Prevalence Countries in Sub-Saharan Africa. DHS Analytical Studies No. 29. Calverton, Maryland, USA: ICF International https://dhsprogram.com/publications/publication-AS29-Analytical-Studies.cfm
DHS-8 Tabulation plan: Tables 13.11.1 and 13.11.2
API Indicator IDs:
HA_CKNA_W_CKA, HA_CKNA_M_CKA
UNAIDS Indicator 5.1: Young people: Knowledge about HIV prevention
MICS6 Indicator TM.29: Knowledge about HIV prevention among young people