Risk factors for infant mortality in rural and urban Nigeria: evidence from the national household survey |
Authors: |
Emmanuel Olorunleke Adewuyi, Yun Zhao, and Reeta Lamichhane |
Source: |
Scandanavian Journal of Public Health, 45(5):543-554. doi: 10.1177/1403494817696599 |
Topic(s): |
Delivery care Infant mortality Maternal health Obesity
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Country: |
Africa
Nigeria
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Published: |
JUL 2017 |
Abstract: |
Aims: This study investigates the rural–urban differences in infant mortality rates (IMRs) and the associated risk factors
in Nigeria. Methods: The dataset from the 2013 Nigeria demographic and health survey (NDHS), disaggregated by rural–
urban residence, was analyzed using complex samples statistics. A multivariable logistic regression analysis was computed
to explore the adjusted relationship and identify risk factors for infant mortality. Results: In rural and urban Nigeria, IMRs
were 70 and 49 deaths per 1000 live births, respectively. Risk factors in rural residence were past maternal marital union
(adjusted odds ratio (AOR): 1.625, p = 0.020), small birth size (AOR: 1.550, p < 0.001), birth interval <24 months (AOR:
2.057, p < 0.001), residence in North-East (AOR: 1.346, p = 0.038) and North-West (AOR: 1.653, p < 0.001) regions, and
cesarean delivery (AOR: 2.922, p = 0.001). Risk factors in urban residence were poor wealth index (AOR: 2.292, p < 0.001),
small birth size (AOR: 2.276, p < 0.001), male gender (AOR: 1.416, p = 0.022), birth interval <24 months (AOR: 1.605,
p = 0.002), maternal obesity (AOR: 1.641, p = 0.008), and cesarean delivery (AOR: 1.947, p = 0.032). Conclusions:
Infants in rural residence had higher rates of mortality than their urban counterparts and disparities in risk
factors exist between the residences.
Key Words: Determinants, infant mortality, maternal obesity, mode of delivery, Nigeria, risk factors, rural–urban disparities |
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