| Effects of Traffic-Related Outdoor Air Pollution on Respiratory Illness and Mortality in Children, Taking Into Account Indoor Air
Pollution, in Indonesia |
| Authors: |
Saori Kashima, MES, PhD, Takashi Yorifuji, MD, PhD, Toshihide Tsuda, MD, PhD, |
| Source: |
Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Volume 52, Number 3, March 2010 DOI: 10.1097/JOM.0b013e3181d44e3f |
| Topic(s): |
Child health
Childhood mortality
Pollution
|
| Country: |
Asia
Indonesia
|
| Published: |
MAR 2010 |
| Abstract: |
Objective: To evaluate the effects of outdoor air pollution, taking into
account indoor air pollution, in Indonesia. Methods: The subjects were
15,242 children from 2002 to 2003 Indonesia Demographic and Health
Survey. The odds ratios and their confidence intervals for adverse health
effects were estimated. Results: Proximity increased the prevalence of
acute respiratory infection both in urban and rural areas after adjusting for
indoor air pollution. In urban areas, the prevalence of acute upper respiratory
infection increased by 1.012 (95% confidence intervals: 1.005 to 1.019)
per 2 km proximity to a major road. Adjusted odds ratios tended to be higher
in the high indoor air pollution group. Conclusion: Exposure to trafficrelated
outdoor air pollution would increase adverse health effects after
adjusting for indoor air pollution. Furthermore, indoor air pollution could
exacerbate the effects of outdoor air pollution. |
|